Nepenthes, also known as hanging pitcher plants and monkey cups, are the evolutionary enigmas of the plant kingdom. These plants have attracted the attention of botanists, naturalists and horticulturists alike for centuries, and are among the most extraordinary of all flowering plants. This book examines recent research into Nepenthes with an emphasis on evolutionary and taxonomic perspectives, using the well circumscribed Malaysian species as a model group. A working taxonomy of the genus is essential for setting conservation priorities, therefore advances in molecular systematics and recent species additions in the region are collated to contemporise the taxonomy of the Malaysian Nepenthes.