The competitive intensity of the long-distance passenger rail transport has in Germany since the railwayreform in 1994 compared to regional passenger rail transport and rail freight transport extremely reluctant developed. The company Deutsche Bahn AG has a 99 % market share in long-distance passenger rail transport and is still the dominant provider. The work tests the hypothesis whether barriers hinder the entry of competitors in the german long-distance passenger rail transport market. Different potential strategic and structural barriers to entry are economically analyzed. Should an obstacle be characterized as an active barrier to entry, so proposals and possible solutions are given to show how this barrier can be reduced. All proposals add up to the end of a governance and regulatory market environment, which aims to improve the level of competition on the market of long-distance passenger rail transport in Germany.