While the massive trade of agricultural land is decried by NGOs and often considered as a land grab, international organizations such as the World Bank see it as a development opportunity for countries selling or leasing their land, what they call the "win-win" principle. However, this commercialization of land seems to have heavy repercussions on local populations, and progress in terms of development is hardly visible. Is the massive trade in agricultural land really a development opportunity? The objective of this research is to make the link between massive land trade and the possible development opportunity that would result from it, in order to know if after a decade of the phenomenon's expansion, the trade in agricultural land has really succeeded in bringing about development in the areas where the land has been traded.