The attempts have been made to substitute Si4+ isomorphously with other cations (Sn4+ and Al3+) in the mesoporous materials under certain controlled conditions of pH and pre-hydrolysis, have ended up with the incorporating metal ions in different locations and environments. The work includes new investigations on different aspects such as synthesis procedures, synthesis mechanisms, heteroatom insertion, catalytic applications, thermal stability, physico-chemical characterization and enzyme immobilization.