Using questionnaires supplied by NRS and designed to determine the size and composition of the State's primary wood-using industry, its use of roundwood, and its generation and disposition of wood residues, MI-DNR surveyed all known primary wood-using mills. Completed questionnaires were sent to NRS to process and analyze. As part of data processing, all industrial roundwood volumes reported on the questionnaires were converted to standard units of measure using regional conversion factors. See Table 1 for conversion factors. Timber removals by source of material and harvest residues generated during logging were estimated from standard product volumes using factors developed from logging utilization studies previously conducted by NRS. Data on Michigan's industrial roundwood receipts were loaded into a regional timber removals database where they were supplemented with data on out-of state uses of Michigan roundwood to provide a complete assessment of Michigan's timber product output.