By combining technological advances in microarrays with statistical and bioinformatics software, investigators are now able to perform scientific investigations geared towards answering unique biological problems that encompass many fields of research from genetics and evolution to molecular medicine, health and disease. This book provides an overview of the use and application of microarrays throughout the life sciences to address diverse complex biological questions. The authors present information on using microarrays to unlock molecular mechanisms and gene expression patterns associated with research areas ranging from biodefense, pathological changes, and monitoring antimicrobial resistance genes to diagnostics, marine biodiversity and dermal toxicology.