Genes refer to the common factors of qualities of human-inherited traits. The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequences in humans. The study of the inheritance of characteristics in humans is termed as human genetics. This field aims to identify diseases and develop effective treatment for them. It overlaps with a wide range of fields such as developmental genetics, genomics, clinical and classical genetics, biochemical genetics, population genetics, molecular genetics, genomics, etc. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included herein. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.