Direct effect, consistent interpretation and state liability are instruments developed by the CJEU for national courts to remedy conflicts between national and EU law (and may also be used in some jurisdictions to resolve national law and international law). This book will look at the 'remedial capacity' of these doctrines/tools from the perspective of the national court applying them. In short: what are there strengths, weaknesses, unexplored opportunities at grassroot level, and what can we learn from comparative experience in practice within Member States.