Why has social peace been preserved in some new, nationalizing countries in Eastern Europe and broken down in others? While civil peace has reigned in Estonia, Moldova experienced a bloody civil war in 1992, claiming more than a thousand casualties. These two states in question share a number of common characteristics, but there is one important difference. Employing both 'on the ground' empirical studies and a strong theoretical framework, National Integration and Violent Conflict in Post-Soviet Societies contributes to a better understanding of national integration process in Estonia and Moldova and of national integration and communal violence in general.