Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Work within the intersecting disciplines at the core of nanotechnology innovation-including physical, life, and social sciences and engineering-has revealed the potential of nanomaterials and nanoscale processes to collect and store energy, reinforce materials, sense contaminants, enable life-saving drugs, and shrink and accelerate computational devices in both incremental and paradigm-shifting ways. Further, nanotechnology has enabled development of entirely new materials and devices that can be exploited in each of these and countless other applications.