This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the state of natural resources at Cumberland Gap National Historical Park (CUGA). It also addresses sets of stressors that threaten these resources and the biological integrity of habitats in the park. This assessment focuses on vital signs outlined by the Cumberland/Piedmont Network, and other attributes relevant to the park's natural resources. Assessed attributes are roughly organized into broad groups of resources as follows: air and climate, geology and soils, water, biological integrity, and landscape dynamics.