This book covers several important aspects on the intimate connection between neutrino physics and thermal leptogenesis, that is one of the most motivated scenarios for the generation of the cosmic asymmetry between matter and antimatter. The same framework allows to explain the nature of neutrino mass and the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations. The main subject of the book is the interplay of flavour effects in leptogenesis and CP violation in the lepton sector of the Standard Model of particle physics. The original results presented in each chapter are based on the work done by the author during his Ph.D. in theoretical particle physics.