This volume aims to assess the longstanding debate over the role played by the Italian Renaissance in the history of European intellectual culture. The authors engage in an interpretative conversation with thinkers such as Jacob Burckardt, Ernst Cassirer, Eugenio Garin, Paul Oskar Kristeller, whose works have influenced critical discourse on modernity and Renaissance Humanism over the last one hundred and fifty years. The studies presented in this collection contribute to this discussion from a variety of perspectives: scientific, theological, political, and literary. The result is a multifaceted illumination of the intellectual history of the Italian Renaissance.