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NGOs Mediating Peace: Promoting Inclusion in Myanmar’s Nationwide Ceasefire Negotiations: Twenty-first Century Perspectives on War, Peace, and Human Conflict

Autor Julia Palmiano Federer
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 29 dec 2023
This book explores the role of nongovernmental mediators in promoting “inclusive peace” to negotiating parties in Myanmar’s Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) negotiations from 2011-2015. The influx of NGO mediators directly engaging with the negotiating parties and promoting the inclusivity norm coupled with the salience of discourse around “all-inclusiveness” at the end of the NCA process forms a puzzle around the agency that NGO mediators wield in influencing political outcomes, despite their lack of political and material leverage.
The author argues that NGO mediators can effectively promote norms, using mediation processes as a site of norm diffusion. Bespoke international conflict resolution NGOs have become key mediation actors, within the last three decades through creating the niche world of “private diplomacy” and acting as "norm entrepreneurs" at the same time. As informal third parties, these NGO mediators directly engage with politically sensitive actors or convene unofficial peace talks. As NGOs, they are part of an epistemic community of mediation practice, professionalizing the field and producing knowledge on what peace mediation is and what it ought to be. This dual identity as both NGOs and mediators nicely sets them up with a unique agency to promote and diffuse norms. These norms often reflect the liberal peacebuilding paradigm promoted from the Global North, such as inclusion, gender equality and transitional justice, with the view that these norms are not ends in themselves but as necessary ingredients for effective mediation.
The book further questions whether NGOs should promote norms in the first place. The outcome of the NCA process presents a critical and cautionary tale of promoting a presumed universal norm into a given locale and expecting a certain outcome without understanding how an external norm interacts with existing normative frameworks. The book illustrates that while NGO mediators do possess the “normative agency” to effectively promote norms to negotiating parties, my empirical research analyses how their promotion of the “inclusivity” norm to the negotiating parties in Myanmar’s NCA paradoxically resulted in exclusionary outcomes: only half of the armed groups in the ethnic armed groups’ negotiating bloc signed, and civil society was effectively crowded out from meaningful participation despite lofty rhetoric.
This is an open access book.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9783031421730
ISBN-10: 3031421736
Pagini: 218
Ilustrații: XXI, 218 p. 2 illus.
Dimensiuni: 148 x 210 mm
Greutate: 0.44 kg
Ediția:1st ed. 2024
Editura: Springer International Publishing
Colecția Palgrave Macmillan
Seria Twenty-first Century Perspectives on War, Peace, and Human Conflict

Locul publicării:Cham, Switzerland

Cuprins

Chapter 1: Introduction: Unsettled Reflections from Golden Valley, Myanmar.- Chapter 2: Promoting Peace or Pushing Norms? Understanding Normative Agency in Mediation Processes.- Chapter 3: New Kids on the Block: The Rise of NGO Mediators in Mediation and Peacemaking.- Chapter 4: The Promised Land of Inclusive Peace: NGO Mediators as Norm Promoters of Inclusion.- Chapter 5: What’s in a Norm? What Normative Frameworks in Myanmar Reveal about Inclusivity.- Chapter 6: Chronicles of a Norm for Sale: Norm Entrepreneurship in the Myanmar NCA Negotiations.- Chapter 7: “The Trouble with Inclusivity”: How Promoting Inclusive Peace led to an Exclusive Outcome.- Chapter 8: Conclusion: The Life and Death of Inclusive Peace in Myanmar.

Notă biografică

Julia Palmiano Federer holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of Basel and a Masters in International Affairs from The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. She is currently the Head of Research at the Ottawa Dialogue (University Ottawa), Canada, where she runs a research programme focusing on Track Two Diplomacy and multitrack approaches to peace processes. Julia has published academic articles and policy papers on diverse topics in mediation including inclusion, the Women Peace Security agenda and counter-terrorism, as well as on Myanmar politics. Her academic articles have been published in Negotiation Journal, the Swiss Political Science Review, Critical Studies on Terrorism, and Politics & Governance. Her policy research has been published by peacebuilding and mediation organizations such as swisspeace, the Center for Security Studies ETH Zürich, the Folke Bernadotte Academy, the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, the Norwegian Peacebuilding Research Center, the BRICs Policy Center, the Ottawa Dialogue, and UN Women. She has also lectured and taught across various institutions in Europe, North America and Asia, including the University of Basel, the University of Bern, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, the University of Ottawa, and the Brussels School of International Studies at University of Kent.

Textul de pe ultima copertă

Can informal actors such as NGOs mediate peace agreements? If so, how does it work and what are the consequences for international peace mediation? This book tackles these questions and more through looking at the role of nongovernmental (NGO) mediators in promoting “inclusive peace” to negotiating parties in Myanmar’s Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) negotiations from 2011-2015. The author argues that NGO mediators, traditionally seen as part of civil society or as weak mediators with little power or leverage, have become established mediation actors alongside more formal actors and are redefining the mediation field through norm promotion. However, even if NGO mediators can promote norms, the book questions whether they should promote norms in the first place, as the NCA process shows how the promotion of inclusivity contributed to a more exclusive outcome of years of peace negotiations in Myanmar. The outcome of the NCA process presents a critical andcautionary tale of promoting a presumed universal norm into a given locale and expecting a certain outcome without understanding how an external norm interacts with existing normative frameworks. This is an open access book. 

Julia Palmiano Federer holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of Basel and a Master in International Affairs from The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. Dr. Palmiano Federer is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Ottawa and the Head of Research at the Ottawa Dialogue, an organisation that specializes in the resolution of armed conflicts around the world through Track Two diplomacy, a form of unofficial and informal dialogue between warring parties. She is also currently a Senior Fellow at the Negotiation and Conflict Resolution Collaboratory at the Harvard Kennedy School’s Center for Public Leadership.

Caracteristici

Presents NGO mediators as actors with agency who are reshaping the mediation field in theory and practice Shows how using mediation processes as a site for norm diffusion can have positive and negative consequences Argues that the supply side of mediation actors need to understand the path dependency This book is open access, which means that you have free and unlimited access.