This book creates new insights into the identity crises behind the violence surrounding the Congo wars. Using Kinshasa's press, this study historicises the identification of the Rwandophone `other' as a constantly negotiated, politically contingent and malleable process. It establishes how the agency of political actors shaped perceptions of present conflicts by employing selective memories and mythico-historical visions of the past. This ideological mobilisation linked the Rwandophones to fearful narratives of Rwandan expansionism during the DRC's recent conflicts (c. 1990 - 2005).