The correspondence presented in this edited volume took place between the Papal nuncios at the Imperial Court and the Roman Curia between September 1631 and May 1633. These letters were written during the period of the great Swedish invasion of Germany, the recall of Wallenstein, and the death of King Gustavus Adolphus. Beyond documenting the military events of the times, these letters bear witness to the vastly different perspectives of the courts in Vienna and Rome regarding the opportunities for a new peace in Europe.