In this era of globalization and digitalization, literary and artistic creations, especially works that have fallen into the public domain and folklore, are easily and massively exploited by powerful cultural industries, which make a pecuniary profit from them, to the detriment of creators. Thus, this book presents the public domain as a legal tool for the protection and promotion of such works in the OAPI space, even if it is incompatible with the individualistic logic of copyright and the temporary nature of the creators' economic rights. To this end, it proposes solutions that can contribute to the optimization of this protection and, consequently, to social and economic development in favour of creators and their rightful owners.