The study offers an insight into the economic and social conditions of a mountain region in the western Dolomites, where the sale of wood was important for the livelihood of the population. The proximity to the city of Bolzano made it possible to sell firewood and viticulture wood, which brought the city and the surrounding area into close economic ties. In the course of the 16th century, changes were in the offing as a result of territorialisation, increasing literacy and Venice's increasing demand for timber. The timber market took on a supra-regional character, with the result that social conflicts of interest were not absent. Changed forms of use and rights of use emerged, but not always to the satisfaction of those involved. Thanks to mutual dependency and difficult logistical conditions, the resource was not fully exploited.