The Program of activities of the Government of the Republic of Belarus for 2018-2020 outlined the task to create conditions for the implementation of the policy of rational import substitution and development of import substitution, including using the potential of small and medium companies to improve the trade balance of the country, in order to eventually reach an annual increase in import substitution production of at least 600 million dollars. In Belarus the main task of import substitution, which is understood as a state policy aimed at rationalizing the import of goods and services by stimulating domestic producers, including with the participation of foreign capital to organize the production of products that were previously imported, is formulated as not a mechanical substitution of imported goods, but the development of competitive national production. The share of import-substituting products in the country is already close to 40 percent or $20 billion in monetary terms. And this is not the limit. How is this problem solved today? The answer to this question can be found in the proposed study.