Open Channel Design – Fundamentals and Application s de EW Tollner

Open Channel Design – Fundamentals and Application s

EW Tollner

A fundamental knowledge of flow in open channels is essential for the planning and design of systems to manage water resources. Open channel design has applications within many fields, including civil engineering, agriculture, hydrology, geomorphology, sedimentology, environmental fluid and sediment dynamics and river engineering.

Open Channel Design: Fundamentals and Applications covers permissible velocity, tractive force, and regime theory design methodologies and applications. Hydraulic structures for flow control and measurement are covered. Flow profiles and their design implications are covered. Sediment transport mechanics and moveable boundaries in channels are introduced. Finally, a brief treatment of the St. Venant equations and Navier-Stokes equations are introduced as topics to be explored in more advanced courses. The central goal is to prepare students for work in engineering offices where they will be involved with aspects of land development and related consulting work. Students will also be prepared for advanced courses that will involve computational fluid dynamics approaches for solving 2-d and 3-d problems in advanced graduate level courses.

Offering a fresh approach, Open Channel Design: Fundamentals and Applications prepares students for work in engineering offices where they will be involved with aspects of land development and related consulting work. It also introduces the reader to software packages including Mathematica, HecRas and HY8, all widely used in professional settings.

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Notă biografică

Ernest W. Tollner is a native of Maysville, KY and received his BS and MS degrees in agricultural engineering at the University of Kentucky. He did his doctorate at Auburn. He was elected Fellow of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers in 2012 and served on the ASABE Board of Trustees. He was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award by Marquis in 2018, and won the Georgia Engineering Educator of the Year Award in 2019.

Cuprins

Preface ix Acknowledgments xi About the Companion Website xii 1 Basic Principles and Flow Classifications 1 Fluid Mechanics Foundations 2 Hydrologic Foundations 7 Presentation Organization 8 Problems and Questions 10 References 11 2 Channel Fundamentals 12 Goals 12 Channel Elements and Nomenclature 12 General Flow Relationships 17 Uniform Flow Relationships 17 Theoretical Considerations 23 Natural, Compound, or Sustainable Channels 25 Lined Channels, Optimum Channels, and Velocity Constraints 28 Channel Installation 43 Summary 43 Problems and Questions 47 References 51 3 Vegetated Waterways and Bioswales 53 Goals 53 Background 53 Channel Planning 54 Basic Design Procedures 56 Bioswales 60 Vegetated Filter Strips 62 Temporary Linings 62 Summary 66 Problems and Questions 68 References 69 4 Tractive Force Methods for Earthen Channels 71 Goals 71 Riprap-Lined or Earthen Waterways (Earthen II) 71 Tractive Force for Vegetated Waterways 77 Details and Origins of The Parabolic Cross-section 82 Costing Channel Designs 92 Steady Uniform Flow Conclusion 94 Problems and Questions 95 References 97 5 The Energy Equation and Gradually Varied Flows 98 Goals 98 Energy Preliminaries - Velocity Profiles and Boundary Effects 98 Longer Transitions - Gradually Varied Flow Analyses 115 Conclusions 126 Problems and Questions 126 References 127 6 Momentum Equation for Analyzing Varied Steady Flows and Spatially Varied Increasing Flows 128 Goals 128 Rapidly Varying Steady Flows (dQ/dt = 0, dQ/dx = 0, dy/dx varies) 128 Spatially Varying Steady Flow (dQ/dt = 0, dQ/dx varies, dy/dx varies) 137 Conclusions 142 Problems and Questions 142 References 143 7 Hydraulics of Water Management Structures 144 Goals 144 Structure Types 145 Hydraulic Concepts 147 Stage-Discharge Relationships of Weir Inlets and Flumes 150 Discharge Relations of Orifices and Sluice Gates Inlet Devices 156 Flow Hydraulics of Closed Conduits 157 Stage-Discharge Curves for Culverts and Spillways 167 Closed Conduit Systems for Urban Stormwater Collection 169 Ecologic Suitability 171 Summary and Conclusions 177 Problems and Questions 179 References 182 8 Gradually Varied Unsteady Flow 185 Goals 185 Hydrologic Routing Approaches 187 Kinematic Wave Method 194 Diffusion Wave Method 199 Dynamic Routing 203 Summary and Conclusions 209 Problems and Questions 210 References 211 9 Rapidly Varying Unsteady Flow Applications - Waves 213 Goals 213 Surface Irrigation 213 Sluice Gate and Related Operations 217 The Dam-Break Problem 223 Oscillatory Waves 230 Summary and Conclusions 233 Problems and Questions 234 References 235 10 Channel Design Emphasizing Fine Sediments and Survey of Alluvial Channel Sediment Transport 236 Goals 236 Alluvial Channel vs. Earthen Channel and Other Preliminaries 237 Early Approaches to Sediment Transport 237 Incipient Motion 238 Riprap or Revetment Specification 243 Bedform Descriptions and Analysis 244 Sediment Fall Velocity 245 A Probabilistic Approach to Sediment Transport 249 Einstein (1950)-Laursen (1958)-Graf (1971) Stage-Discharge and Other Hydraulic Calculations 254 Van Rijn (1984) Stage-Discharge and Total Load 259 Total Load by Regression Approaches 264 Sediment Measurement 268 Sediment Routing Through Detention Ponds and Streams 268 Software Support for Estimating Sediment Transport 270 Implications of Sediment Transport on Infrastructure 271 Empirical Channel Design Approaches Leading to Sustainable Channels 274 Forces Impacting Channel Cross Sections - Stream Restoration 281 Summary and Future Directions 286 Problems and Questions 289 References 290 Appendix A Software and Selected Solutions 294 Appendix B Solution Charts for Vegetated Waterways Using the Permissible Velocity Method 305 Appendix C Selected Cost Data for Channel Excavation and Lining Materials 310 Appendix D Design Strategy Summary for Uniform Flow Channels 315 Index 317