Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology for the Clinician
Autor H Dymen Limba Engleză Hardback – 7 iun 2023
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Specificații
ISBN-10: 1119361494
Pagini: 336
Dimensiuni: 221 x 279 x 26 mm
Greutate: 1.16 kg
Editura: Wiley
Locul publicării:Hoboken, United States
Notă biografică
The editors Harry Dym, DDS, FACS, is Chairman of the Department of Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Brooklyn Hospital Center and Clinical Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Columbia University College of Dental Medicine in New York City,New York, United States. Leslie Halpern, DDS, MD, PhD, MPH, FACS, is Section Chief and Program Director of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Professor New York Medical College/Metropolitan Hospital in New York City, New York, United States. Orrett Ogle, DDS, is Former Chief of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Service at Woodhull Hospital, in Brooklyn, New York, United States.
Cuprins
Contributors xix Preface xxi Part I Basics 1 1 Patient Evaluation and Management of Medical Problems in the Oral Surgery Patient 3 Risk Assessment 3 Documentation 4 Management of Patients with Medical Problems 5 Cardiovascular Disease 6 Hypertension 6 Angina Pectoris 7 Myocardial Infarction 8 Stroke/Cerebrovascular Accident 9 Cardiac Arrhythmias 9 Heart Failure 10 Treatment Guidelines 10 Endocrine Disorders 11 Diabetes Mellitus 11 Thyroid Disease 12 Adrenal Insufficiency 13 Hepatic Disease 13 Renal Disease 15 Dialyzed Patients 15 Pulmonary Disease 15 Asthma 15 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 15 Pregnancy 16 Conclusion 18 References 18 2 Risk Reduction Strategies 21 Methods of Risk Reduction 21 Faulty Record Keeping 21 Informed Consent 21 Conclusion 23 References 23 Contents vi Contents 3 Preparing the Dental Office for Medical Emergencies: 25 Staff 25 Equipment 26 Oxygen 26 Airway Adjuncts 26 Automated External Defibrillators (Figure 3.2) 26 Vitals Monitoring 27 Intravenous Kits 27 Emergency Drug Kit 27 Oxygen 27 Aromatic Ammonia 27 Aspirin 28 Albuterol 28 Glucose 28 Nitroglycerin 28 Diphenhydramine 29 Epinephrine 29 Sedation-Specific Emergencies 29 Summary 29 References 29 4 Infection Control in Dental Practice 31 Why is Infection Control Important in the Dental Office? 31 Hand Hygiene 32 Potential Infectious Diseases in the Dental Office 33 HBV Vaccination 34 Preventing Exposures to Blood and OPIM 34 General Recommendations 34 Engineering and Work Practice Controls 35 Postexposure Management and Prophylaxis 35 Handling of Biopsy Specimens 35 Handling of Extracted Teeth 35 Control of 2009 H1N1 Influenza 35 Vaccination 35 Specific Recommendations for Dental Healthcare 35 Dental Healthcare Personnel 36 Transmission Risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Dentistry 36 Percutaneous Injuries among Dental Healthcare Providers 36 Exposure Prevention Strategies 36 Postexposure Management 39 Disinfection versus Sterilization 40 Decontamination and Disinfection Methods 40 Manual Cleaning 40 Automated Cleaning 40 Sterilization Methods 40 Instrument Processing 41 Spore Testing and Dual Monitoring Strips in Sterilization Bags 42 Proper Disinfection of Handpieces, Impressions, Environmental Surfaces 42 Medical Waste Management 43 Dental Unit Waterlines 44 Infection Control Program Plan and Goals 44 Conclusion 44 References 45 Contents vii Part II Dentoalveolar Surgery 47 5 Surgical Management of the Impacted Canine 49 Etiology 49 Diagnosis 49 Treatment and Management of the Impacted Canine 51 Goals 51 Interceptive Treatment to Prevent Impactions 51 Surgical Management of the Impacted Canine 51 Open vs Closed Surgery 51 Palatal Maxillary Impactions 52 Labial Maxillary Impactions 52 Mandibular Impactions 53 Complications 53 References 54 6 Crown Lengthening 55 Biologic Width 55 Indications for Crown Lengthening [3] 55 Contraindications for Crown Lengthening [1] 56 Procedures Carried Out Prior to Crown Lengthening [4] 56 Bone Sounding [2] 56 Sequence of Treatment for Crown Lengthening 56 External Bevel Gingivectomy 56 Internal Bevel Gingivectomy 56 Flap Surgery with Osseous Surgery 57 Apically Positioned Flap With or Without Osseous Surgery 58 Combined with Orthodontic Extrusion 58 Classification of Esthetic Crown Lengthening [2] 58 Postoperative Care [3] 59 References 59 Part III Implantology 61 7 Bone-Grafting Techniques and Biomaterials for Alveolar Ridge Augmentation 63 Bone Graft Materials and Healing Physiology 63 Introduction 63 Bone Graft and Tissue Engineering Materials - Outline 63 Autogenous (Natural) 63 Allograft (Natural) 63 Xenograft - Bovine, Porcine, Equine, Marine Coral, or Algal Sources 63 Alloplast 63 Other Synthetic Sources (Engineered) 64 Autologous Platelet Concentrate 64 Bone Graft and Tissue Engineering Materials 64 Autograft 64 Allograft 64 Mineralized Freeze-Dried Bone Allograft 65 Demineralized Freeze-Dried Bone Allograft 65 Particulate Cortical, Cancellous, and Corticocancellous Allograft 65 viii Contents Xenograft 65 Natural Hydroxyapatite 65 Bio-Oss - Bovine Derived 65 Natural Hydroxyapatite - Marine Coral Derived 65 Calcium Carbonate - Biocoral 65 Fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA) = Natural Sea Algae Derived 66 Alloplast (Synthetic Sources) 66 Hydroxyapatite Based (Synthetic HA) 66 Marine Coral Derived (Hydroxyapatite) 66 Coralline Porous Hydroxyapatite - Interpore (Synthetic HA) 66 Coralline Porous Hydroxyapatite - Pro Osteon (Synthetic HA) 66 Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite (Synthetic HA) 67 Tricalcium Phosphate (Synthetic) 67 Biphasic HA and B-TCP Material (Synthetic Combination) 67 Calcium Sulfate - Gypsum Based (Synthetic) 67 Calcium Sulfate - Nanocrystalline (Synthetic) 67 Biphasic Calcium Sulfate (Synthetic) 67 Bioactive Glass Ceramics (Synthetic) 68 Other Synthetic Sources - Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein (rhBMP) 68 Autologous Platelet Concentrates (See Table 7.1 for Complete Formulations) 68 Platelet-Rich Plasma 68 Platelet-Rich Fibrin 68 Ridge Preservation 70 Ridge Preservation Indications 70 Ridge Preservation Algorithm 70 Ridge Preservation Surgical Technique 71 Ridge Preservation Surgical Complications 73 Ridge Preservation Implant Survival and Success Rates 73 Ridge Preservation Conclusion (Box 7.4) 74 Guided Bone Regeneration 75 Guided Bone Regeneration Indications 75 Nonabsorbable Membrane 75 Titanium Mesh 75 e-PTFE [51, 52] 75 Nonexpanded d-PTFE (Osteogenics Biomedical) [6, 49-51, 53] 75 Titanium-reinforced PTFE [51, 54] 76 Absorbable Membrane 77 Collagen Base (Bovine, Porcine, or Human Tendon, Dermis, Skin, or Pericardium) 77 Polymeric Membrane (Manufactured Synthetic Membrane) 77 Tuberosity Harvest Technique (Figures 7.9-7.11, Box 7.5) 78 Guided Bone Regeneration 78 Surgical Technique for Three Wall Defect (Figures 7.15-7.18) 78 Surgical Technique for Moderate-to-Severe Defect 78 Particulate Graft Resorption Post Grafting 80 Guided Bone Regeneration Complications 81 Guided Bone Regeneration Implant Survival and Success Rates 81 Guided Bone Regeneration Conclusion (Box 7.6) 81 Intraoral Onlay Graft 82 Indications (Particulate and Block Graft) 82 Subperiosteal Tunneling Technique with Absorbable Membrane 83 Autogenous Onlay Corticocancellous Grafts Healing 84 Contents ix Surgical Harvest Technique: Intraoral Lateral Ramal Shelf and Symphysis (Figure 7.8) 84 Autogenous Intraoral Block Grafts - Surgical Complications 86 Allogeneic Block Bone (Cadaver Bone) 86 Block Graft Implant Survival and Success Rate 86 Block Graft Conclusion (Box 7.7) 86 Ridge Split 87 Indications 87 Ridge Split Surgical Technique 87 Ridge Split Complications 87 Ridge Split Implant Survival and Success Rates 88 Ridge Split Conclusion (Box 7.8) 88 Interpositional Bone Graft or "Sandwich Osteotomy" 89 Indications 89 Interpositional Bone Graft Surgical Technique 89 Interpositional Bone Graft Complications 90 Interpositional Bone Graft Implant Survival and Success Rates 90 Interpositional Bone Graft Conclusion (Box 7.9) 90 Distraction Osteogenesis 91 Indications 91 Distraction Osteogenesis Surgical Technique 93 Distraction Osteogenesis Complications 93 Distraction Osteogenesis Implant Survival and Success Rates 93 Distraction Osteogenesis Conclusion (Box 7.10) 93 Postoperative Instructions 93 Conclusion 94 Horizontal Augmentation Recap (Tables 7.5 and 7.6) 94 Horizontal Augmentation Complication Recap 94 Vertical Augmentation Recap (Tables 7.5 and 7.6) 95 References 97 8 Maxillary Sinus Augmentation 101 Introduction 101 Maxillary Sinus Anatomy 101 Indications, Contraindications, Limitations 101 Lateral Window Approach 102 Transalveolar (Crestal) Approach 102 Bone- Grafting Material 103 Complications 103 References 105 9 Technologic, Material, and Procedural Advancements in Dental Implant Surgery 107 Introduction 107 Three- Dimensional Imaging 107 Computerized Implant Planning Technology 108 Intraoral Optical Impressions and Integration with CBCT, CAD/CAM, and Stereolithography 108 Surgical Drilling Guide Integration and Fabrication 110 Guided Navigation in Osteotomy Preparation and Implant Placement 110 Membranes for Bone Grafting 111 BMP, PRGF, and PRP 112 Implant- Supported, Full-Arch, Fixed Prostheses with Immediate Loading and "All-on-Four" 113 Zygomatic Implants 114 x Contents Lasers 115 Conclusion 116 References 116 Part IV Trauma 117 10 Diagnosis and Management of Dentoalveolar Trauma 119 Introduction 119 Evaluation 119 History 119 Physical Examination 119 Radiographic Studies 120 Diagnosis and Management of Dentoalveolar Injuries 120 Injuries to the Dental Hard Tissue and Pulp 120 Crown Infraction 120 Crown Fracture 120 Crown-Root Fracture 121 Root Fracture 121 Injuries to the Periodontal Tissues 121 Concussion 121 Subluxation 121 Intrusion 121 Extrusion 122 Lateral Luxation 122 Avulsion 122 Dentoalveolar Injuries in the Primary Dentition 123 Splinting 124 Injuries to the Gingiva or Oral Mucosa 124 Injuries to Supporting Bone 124 Follow- Up 125 Conclusion 125 References 125 Part V Pathology 129 11 Biopsy Technique: When, Where, and How? 131 Introduction 131 Patient Evaluation: Health History, Medications 131 Lesion History 132 Clinical Examination 133 Indications for Biopsies 136 Precancerous Lesion: "Potentially Malignant Disorders" 136 Biopsy Techniques 139 Incisional Biopsy 139 Excisional Biopsy 140 Punch Biopsy 140 Adjunctive Techniques 140 Lugol's Iodine 142 Toluidine Blue 142 Brush Biopsy/Cytology 144 References 144 Contents xi 12 Recurrent Lesions of the Oral Mucosa: 147 Introduction 147 Aphthous Lesions and Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis 147 Presentation 147 Etiology 147 Diagnosis 148 Treatment 148 Herpetic Lesions 149 Course of the Disease 149 Diagnosis 149 Treatment 149 Candidiasis 150 Clinical Presentation 150 Diagnosis 150 Treatment 150 Lichen Planus 151 Clinical Presentation 151 Diagnosis 151 Treatment 151 Pemphigus Vulgaris 152 Clinical Presentation 152 Etiology 152 Diagnosis 153 Treatment 153 Erythema Multiforme 153 Clinical Presentation 153 Diagnosis 154 Treatment 154 Fixed Drug Eruptions 154 Clinical Presentation 154 Etiology 154 Diagnosis 155 Treatment 155 References 155 13 Benign Pediatric Pathology: Diagnosis and Management 159 Introduction 159 Odontogenic Cysts 159 Periapical Cyst 159 Buccal Bifurcation Cyst 159 Dentigerous Cyst 159 Eruption Cyst 160 Odontogenic Keratocyst 160 Odontogenic Tumors 161 Odontoma 161 Ameloblastoma 161 Ameloblastic Fibroma 162 Nonodontogenic Cysts 162 Idiopathic Bone Cavity 162 Aneurysmal Bone Cyst 162 Nonodontogenic Tumors 163 Congenital Epulis 163 Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy 163 xii Contents Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma 164 Fibrous Dysplasia 164 Giant Cell Lesion 164 Cherubism 166 Soft Tissue Lesions 166 Fibroma 166 Pyogenic Granuloma 166 Branchial Cleft Cyst 166 Hemangioma 167 Vascular Malformation 167 Verrucous Vulgaris and Condyloma Acuminatum 168 Salivary Gland Lesions 168 Mucocele 168 Ranula 168 Pleomorphic Adenoma 168 References 169 14 Diagnosis and Management of Salivary Gland Pathology 173 Introduction 173 Obstructive Salivary Gland Disorders 173 Sialolithiasis (Salivary Gland Stones) 173 Etiology 173 Sialolithiasis Imaging 174 Management of Sialolithiasis 174 Bacterial Salivary Gland Infections 175 Viral Diseases 176 Viral Sialadenitis 176 Granulomatous Disease of the Salivary Gland 176 Autoimmune Diseases 177 Sjögren Syndrome 177 Salivary Gland Tumors 177 Pleomorphic Adenoma 178 Warthin Tumor 178 Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma 179 Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma 179 Polymorphic Low-Grade Adenocarcinoma 179 Conclusion 179 References 179 15 Odontogenic Cysts and Odontogenic Tumors 183 Introduction 183 Basic Embryology 183 Odontogenic Cysts 183 Odontogenic Cysts of Inflammatory Origin 184 Radicular Cysts 184 Residual Cysts 184 Collateral Cysts 184 Developmental Odontogenic Cysts 184 Dentigerous Cysts 185 Odontogenic Keratocyst (Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor) 185 Lateral Periodontal Cyst and Botryoid Odontogenic Cyst 187 Contents xiii Gingival Cyst 188 Glandular Odontogenic Cyst 188 Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst 188 Orthokeratinized Odontongenic Cyst 189 Odontogenic Tumors 190 Ameloblastoma 190 Histologic Features 191 Treatment Considerations 191 Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor 191 Clinical Presentation 191 Histologic Features 192 Treatment Considerations 192 Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor 192 Clinical Presentation 192 Histologic Features 192 Treatment Considerations 192 Squamous Odontogenic Tumor 193 Clinical Presentation 193 Histologic Features 193 Treatment Considerations 193 Odontogenic Fibroma 193 Clinical Presentation 193 Histologic Features 194 Treatment Considerations 194 Cementoblastoma 194 Clinical Presentation 194 Histologic Features 194 Treatment Considerations 194 Odontogenic Myxoma 194 Clinical Presentation 194 Histologic Features 194 Treatment Considerations 194 Odontoma 195 Clinical Presentation 195 Histologic Features 195 Treatment Considerations 196 References 196 16 Osteomyelitis of the Jaw 199 Classification 199 Demographic Findings 199 Clinical Presentation 199 Laboratory Analysis 199 Radiologic Evaluation 200 Microbiology 202 Histologic Findings 203 Treatment 203 Case Presentations 204 Osteomyelitis of the Maxilla 204 Osteomyelitis of the Mandible 205 References 208 xiv Contents 17 Obstructive Sleep Apnea 209 Introduction 209 Etiology 209 Symptoms 210 Pathophysiology and Related Health Issues 211 Diagnosis and Classification 211 Treatment 212 Intraoral Devices 212 Surgical Procedures 212 Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) 212 Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty 213 Genial Tubercle Advancement 213 Maxillary-Mandibular Advancement 214 Distraction Osteogenesis 215 Conclusion 215 References 216 18 Temporomandibular Disorders: A Clinician's Guide for Nonsurgical and Surgical Interventions 219 Introduction 219 Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation 219 Classification 219 Diagnostic Evaluation 221 History 222 Physical Exam 222 Nonsurgical Treatment Approaches 222 Methods of Therapy 223 Splint Therapy 224 Maxillary and Mandibular Full-Arch Splints 225 Other Reversible Therapeutic Options 225 Nonreversible General Dentistry Methods of Therapy 225 Surgical Approaches 226 Case Presentation 232 Conclusion 234 References 235 19 Postoperative Complications in Oral Surgery 237 Complications Arising During the Procedure 237 Extraction of the Wrong Tooth 237 Teeth Splint Technique 237 Damage to Adjacent Tooth or Structures 238 Root Fracture and Displacement 238 Oroantral Communication 239 Aspiration of Teeth, Instruments, Restoration, or Dental Crowns 239 Nerve Injury 239 Complications after Oral Surgery 240 Alveolar Osteitis (Dry Socket) 240 Infection 241 Pain, Swelling, and Trismus 242 Bleeding 242 Fracture of Bony Structures 242 References 243 Contents xv 20 Odontogenic Infections: Anatomy, Etiology, and Treatment 245 Introduction 245 Definition 245 Microbiology 245 Clinical Presentation 246 Clinical Work-Up 246 Physical Examination 246 Radiographic Imaging 247 Procurement of Cultures 248 Pain Control 248 Treatment Techniques 249 Alveolar/Vestibular/Palatal Abscess 249 Method 249 Palatal Abscess 250 Method 250 Submandibular/Submental Abscess 250 Method 251 Sublingual Abscess 252 Method 252 Buccal and Midfacial Abscess 252 Method 253 Masticator Space 253 Submasseteric Space 254 Methods 254 Pterygomandibular Space 255 Method 255 Temporal Spaces 255 Method 255 Ludwig Angina 255 Treatment of Ludwig Angina 256 Pericoronitis 256 Antibiotic Therapy 257 References 258 Part VI Pain Control 261 21 Approaches to the Management of Facial Pain 263 Introduction 263 Epidemiology 263 Neurophysiology of Orofacial Pain 264 Diagnostic Approach to Facial Pain Patients 264 Grouping of Oral Facial Pain 266 Acute Facial Pain 266 Neuropathic Pain 266 Episodic Neuropathic Pain 267 Continuous NP 268 Neurovascular Pain 271 Topical Medications for Orofacial Pain 271 Topical Anesthetics 271 Lidocaine Patches 271 xvi Contents Proparacaine 271 Streptomycin and Lidocaine 271 Vanilloid Compounds (Capsaicin) 271 Topical NSAIDs 272 Ketoprofen 272 Diclofenac 272 Antidepressants 272 Sympathomimetic Agents 272 NMDA- Blocking Agents 272 Botulinum A Toxin 272 Surgical Treatment Strategies for OFP 273 Injection Therapy 273 Complications of Injection Therapy 274 Summary and Future Directions 275 References 275 22 Local Anesthesia: Agents and Techniques 279 Local Anesthetics 279 Nerve Block Techniques 280 Maxillary Nerve Blocks 280 Anatomy (Figure 22.1) 280 Greater Palatine Approach 281 High Tuberosity Approach 281 Sigmoid Notch Approach 282 Mandibular Nerve Block 282 Halstead Method 283 Akinosi Technique (Figure 22.6) 284 Gow-Gates Technique (Figure 22.7) 284 Auxilliary/ Supplemental Techniques 285 Intrasulcular Infusion 286 Intraosseous Injection 288 Trigger Point Injections 288 Nasal Spray 289 Reversal of Local Anesthesia 289 References 290 23 Nitrous Oxide 293 History 293 Properties 293 Use and Administration 293 Risks and Concerns 294 Contraindications 294 Interactions with Other Sedatives 295 Delivery 295 Safety Mechanisms 295 Monitoring 296 Regulation 296 References 296
Descriere
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology for the Clinician presents key clinical information on oral surgery, medicine, and pathology in a single, easy-to-use resource, covering procedures performed in the dental clinic in a clear but concise manner and putting key details at the clinician's fingertips. Clinical scenarios are clearly described with treatment flow paths, and to enable seamless reader comprehension, charts and algorithms also support the text. The text focuses on essential office-related topics that are not esoteric but rather common in occurrence. The highly qualified author speaks directly to topics of interest that will add value to the practitioner's practice. Major surgical procedures not commonly performed by practicing oral surgeons are not included. Overall, the text contains important up-to-date information that can be immediately put to use in clinical practice. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology for the Clinician covers sample topics like: * Patient assessment and significance of medical history review, the need for antibiotic prophylaxis (when, where, and how), and review of local anesthesia * Diagnosis treatment and prevention of office medical emergencies and stocking in the dental office to deal with emergencies * Basic review of oral mucosal lesions and treatment, review of antibiotic, oral sedation techniques and IV sedation overview, and basic and advanced exodontia * Diagnosis/treatment of common post extraction complications and diagnoses and management of acute/chronic oral pain The full scope of oral surgery is thoroughly covered in this multidisciplinary, current reference, making Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology for the Clinician an essential tool for oral and maxillofacial surgeons, general dentists, and dental students looking to build upon their foundations of practical knowledge.