Just as class is a key term for understanding modern Europe, so hierarchy and order are the key terms for the earlier period. These exceptional essays by some of the leading historians in the field are designed to allow students to get a better grasp on this critical subject. Life in the late medieval and early modern periods was simply organized in a very different way to that of the industrial or post-industrial society we are accustomed to. Each essay tackles a different aspect of this European-wide experience - whether looking at the nobility, the gentry, the commons or the religious castes, the contributors greatly increase our ability to understand the complex and fascinating phenomenon of how society ticks and how it is perceived by its members to tick.