The process when a person donates an organ and allows it to be transplanted to another person legally, either by consent when the person is alive or by assent of a relative when the person is dead, is referred to as organ transplantation. Organs can be donated for either research or to be transplanted into another person. Common organ transplantations include heart, kidneys, intestines, pancreas, liver, bones, skin, lungs, bone marrow and corneas. Most donations occur after the death of the donor, while some donations, such as a part of liver, kidney or a part of pancreas, can be donated by living donors. This book studies, analyses and upholds the pillars of organ transplantation and its utmost significance in modern times. Also included herein is a detailed explanation of the various concepts and applications of organ donation and transplantation. Researchers and students in this field will be assisted by this book.