Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defenses in Biology

1 Mechanisms of oxygen activation and reactive oxygen species detoxification.- Chemistry of reactive oxygen species.- Biological sources of free radicals.- The reactivity of free radicals with non-enzymic small molecular antioxidants.- Primary antioxidant defenses.- Secondary antioxidant defenses.- Oxidants and antioxidants.- Summary.- References.- 2 Pathophysiology and reactive oxygen metabolites.- Ischemia and repufusion injury.- Inflammatory bowel disease.- Arthritis.- Central nervous system injury.- Acute renal failure.- Sickle cell anemia.- Cancer.- Summary.- References.- 3 Free radical mechanisms of oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (or the rancidity of body fat).- Oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein and its relevance to atherogenesis.- Effect of supplementation with antioxidant.- Inhibition of LDL oxidation by phenolic antioxidants.- Summary.- References.- 4 Synthetic pro-oxidants: drugs, pesticides and other environmental pollutants.- Halogenated alkanes and alkenes.- Dioxin and its bioisosteres.- Halogenated cyclic pesticides.- Phorbol esters.- Paraquat and diquat.- Quinones.- Quinolones.- Transition metals and cation complexes.- Miscellaneous inducers of oxidative stress.- Summary and conclusions.- References.- 5 Metabolic detoxification of plant pro-oxidants.- Detoxification of photosensitizers.- Metabolism of redox-active prooxidants.- Summary and conclusions.- References.- 6 Antioxidant mechanisms of secondary natural products.- Kinetics of antioxidation.- Antioxidants as reducing agents.- Antioxidants as radical quenchers.- Antioxidants as singlet oxygen quenchers.- Antioxidants as metal Ion complexing agents.- Synergistic effects.- Summary.- References.- 7 Antioxidant mechanisms of enzymes and proteins.- 7.1 Introduction.- 8Antioxidant defenses of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.- Direct defenses against oxidative stress.- Indirect defenses against oxidative stress.- Summary.- References.- 9 Antioxidant defenses of plants and fungi.- Sources of activated forms of oxygen.- Antioxidant defenses in chloroplasts.- Antioxidant defenses in nitrogen fixation.- The role of catalase.- Stress and antioxidant defenses.- Miscellaneous antioxidants in plants.- Beneficial uses of active oxygen in plants.- Antioxidant defenses of fungi.- Summary.- References.- 10 Antioxidant defenses of vertebrates and invertebrates.- Avoidance of oxidative stress.- Enzymatic removal of ROS.- Prevention or interception of free radical processes.- Repair processes.- Summary and final comments.- References.- 11 Genetic regulation of antioxidant defenses in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.- Response to oxidative stress.- Response to H2O2: The peroxide stimulon and the oxyR regulon.- Response to O2·?: The superoxide stimulon and the soxRS regulon.- Response to starvation/stationary phase stimulon and the katF regulon.- Multi-layered regulation: sodA gene.- Summary.- References.

...on reading the unusual melange of contributors and specific topics covered Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defences in Biology, this feeling [deja vu] is soon replaced by one of enthusiastic anticipation - and with the majority of chapters one is not diappointed. - The Biochemist