Through the interpretation of literary sources, this book examines the ways religions and patriotism have often converged to bring about cultural, religious and social and political change in Iran. The author examines Iranian political and social relations via two core themes throughout its history; the relationship between the ruler and the ruled and the role of justice and injustice. The book explores the stories of Kings, Gods, religions, cultures, political systems and sacred aspects of these in Iranian mythology. Minoo Derayeh analyses a multiplicity of literary works from the poetry of Ferdowsi, Parvaz and Hafez, to the sacred Zoroastrian Avestas to the memoirs of Mohammad Mosaddeq, Aytaollah Abulqasem and Hossein Makki and the works of modern female Iranian writers to provide a new perspective on what she argues is a recurrent theme in Iranian political and cultural history.