Major flooding in parts of the upper Mississippi River, Missouri River, Ohio River, middle and lower Mississippi River, Red River of the North (Red River), which includes the Souris River, in the Central United States (fig. 1) and the southern Prairie Provinces of Canada at various times during 2011, caused 33 fatalities and approximately $4.2 billion (B) in damages (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2011a).