Throughout American history, military physicians have provided humanitarian care to civilians whenever possible. Today, officers and enlisted soldier-medics are deployed to over a hundred nations in all corners of the world. For much of the populace of these countries, especially children, these uniformed combat medics, nurses, physicians, and allied health professionals represent the only hope for modern and compassionate medical and surgical care. Now, more than ever before, large numbers of indigenous children with a wide range of acute and chronic medical conditions are presenting for treatment at US military medical facilities. Family members travel for days over rugged terrain, sometimes carrying children on their backs, in order to reach a US military facility, knowing that their children will receive life- saving and compassionate treatment there. It is an unfortunate but irrefutable fact that the most innocent and vulnerable members of a society, its children, are often the first to suffer from the turmoil of an increasingly violent and unpredictable world. Designed for the military health care provider in a potentially austere environment, this manual covers advanced medical treatment and procedures. It picks up where other first aid manuals and public health books stop short. Topics include: Basic Approach to Pediatric Trauma Anesthesia Vascular Access Mechanical Ventilation Transfusion Medicine Hemodynamics and Shock Managing Intracranial Pressure Aeromedical Evacuation Burns Neurosurgery Ophthalmology Dentistry Orthopedics Vascular Surgery Basic Fluids and Electrolytes Nursing Assessment Respiratory Emergencies Status Epilepticus and Epilepsy Care of the Newborn Cardiology Gastroenterology Infectious Diseases Endocrinology Common Neurological Problems Hematology and Oncology Nephrology Dermatology Emergency Nutrition for Sick or Injured Infants and Children Bites and Stings Heat and Cold Injuries Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive Injuries,