Chronic pelvic pain (CPP)is defined as non-menstrual or non-cyclic pelvic pain with a duration of at least 6 months, sufficiently intense to interfere with habitual activities and requiring clinical or surgical treatment. Establishing the primary cause and prescribing treatment for CPP is difficult because there are complex interactions between the gastrointestinal, urinary, gynecologic, musculoskeletal, neurologic and endocrine systems involved. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of pelvic pain, including myofascial pain syndrome in the pelvic floor; hormonal modulation of genitourinary pain; the pathophysiology of endometriosis associated with pelvic pain; chronic non-bacterial prostatits; physical therapy for women with pelvic pain; pelvic morphology and skin surface electromyography in chronic prostatitis type III diagnosis.