Recent studies at the National Defense University (NDU) have documented the important science and technology (S&T) contributions of the military service laboratories.1 These studies showed that in-house Department of Defense (DOD) laboratories, in cooperation with the private sector and academia, developed critical technologies for weapon systems that strongly impacted the outcomes of World War II and the Cold War. Involvement of the in-house laboratories continues today, undiminished, as our Nation battles the threat of international terrorism.