This book includes information about the express assessment of cell viability in biological preparations, interfacial tension, and phase behaviour in emulsions of associative biopolymers. Also discussed are the conditions of shear flow, and interaction and structure formation of gelatin type A with thermo aggregates of bovine serum albumin, and perspectives of application of multi-angle laser light scattering and methods for quality control of medicines. A new approach to the creation of biocompatible magnetically targeted nanosystems for a smart delivery of therapeutic products, polyelectrolyte microsensors as a new tool for metabolites detection, and improvement of the functional properties of lysozyme by interaction with 5-methylresorcinol is also reviewed. The methods of study of the processes of the issue of the optical information biological object, polyelectrolyte enzyme-bearing microdiagnosticum, and a new step in clinical-biochemistry analysis and introductions in culture in in-vitro rare bulbous plants of the Sochi Black Sea Coast (Scilla, Muscari, Galanthus) are studied.