Phased arrays are an important group of antennas commonly used in radar, space communication, broadcasting, and RFID (radio frequency identification) systems. This authoritative resource provides engineers with a detailed description of ideal array element characteristics to help them estimate the quality of development of real-world phased array antennas. Practitioners find several approaches to optimum phased array design, allowing them to provide specified array gain in a specific region of scan, using a minimum number of expensive, controlled devices. Moreover, this practical book presents important numerical methods that engineers can use to model and optimize phased array structure to obtain the best array characteristics that the chosen structure can provide.