Philosophia Britannica V1

EDITORS Ben Martin (book editor) is a Marie Sk¿odowska-Curie fellow at the University of Bergen, and the investigator for the European Research Council-funded project The Unknown Science: Understanding the Epistemology of Logic through Practice, having received his PhD from University College London. Christina Hendricks (series editor) is a Professor of Teaching in Philosophy at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, BC, Canada, where she often teaches Introduction to Philosophy courses. She is also the and also the Academic Director of the Centre for Teaching, Learning and Technology (2018-2023). CHAPTER AUTHORS Bahram Assadian received his PhD from Birkbeck College, University of London. He was a visiting research fellow at the Munich Centre for Mathematical Philosophy and the School of Philosophy, Religion and History of Science at the University of Leeds. Matthew Knachel is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee. He is the author of the open logic textbook Fundamental Methods of Logic. He received his PhD from the University of Pittsburgh. Ben Martin (see above) Michael J. Shaffer is currently Professor of Philosophy at St. Cloud State University. Nathan Smith is an Instructor of Philosophy at Houston Community College (HCC). He received his PhD in philosophy from Boston College and the Université de Paris IV - Sorbonne. He is currently serving as the OER Coordinator and manager of HCC's Z-Degree. Cassiano Terra Rodrigues gained his PhD from the Pontifical University of São Paulo, and currently teaches at the Aeronautics Institute of Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil. PEER REVIEWERS Berta Grimau is currently a postdoctoral researcher at the Institute of Information Theory and Automation of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague. Daniel Massey completed his PhD in philosophy at the University of Connecticut in 2011 and has since taught at Connecticut College, Arkansas State University, and Spring Hill College. OTHER CONTRIBUTORS Colleen Cressman (copy editor) is a librarian who works on open-access initiatives out of the Office for Scholarly Communication at Harvard Library. Jonathan Lashley (cover designer) worked in the visual design industry before pursuing his career in education full-time. Heather Salazar (cover artwork) is an artist and professor of philosophy. We would like to acknowledge the many philosophy students, faculty, & researchers who have contributed to the book.