The advanced materials and composites based on nanotechnology approaches, modern piezoelectric techniques, and also using the latest achievements of Materials Science, Condensed Matter Physics and Mechanics of Deformable Solids have found broad applications in modern science techniques and technologies. Tremendous interest is connected with fast development of theoretical, experimental and numerical methods which ensure obtaining new knowledge and are capable to control and give forecast on the development of critical phenomena and very fine processes. This edited book presents 30 selected reports of the Russian-Taiwanese Symposium Physics and Mechanics of New Materials and Their Applications. These papers are divided into four scientific directions: (i) processing techniques of new materials, (ii) physics of new materials, (iii) mechanics of new materials, and (iv) applications of new materials. The book is addressed to students, post-graduate students, scientists and engineers taking part in R&D of nano-materials, ferro-piezoelectrics and related materials, and also different devices based on broad applications in different areas of modern science and technique.