Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture: Principles and Practice
Autor Richard N. Arteca, Jeanette M. Artecaen Limba Engleză Hardback – 8 mai 2017
Preț: 962.42 lei
Preț vechi: 1360.95 lei
-29% Nou
Puncte Express: 1444
Preț estimativ în valută:
184.24€ • 189.48$ • 152.85£
184.24€ • 189.48$ • 152.85£
Carte nepublicată încă
Doresc să fiu notificat când acest titlu va fi disponibil:
Se trimite...
Preluare comenzi: 021 569.72.76
Specificații
ISBN-13: 9780813815091
ISBN-10: 0813815096
Pagini: 400
Dimensiuni: 254 x 178 mm
Editura: Wiley
Locul publicării:Hoboken, United States
ISBN-10: 0813815096
Pagini: 400
Dimensiuni: 254 x 178 mm
Editura: Wiley
Locul publicării:Hoboken, United States
Textul de pe ultima copertă
Plant growth regulators are playing an increasingly important role in crop science research as these compounds have the potential to regulate many, if not all, plant physiological processes from seed germination to senescence. Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture: Principles and Practice will bring together a wide range of the most current information on these important organic compounds. Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture provides a strong foundation in the basic science behind growth regulators and progresses to chapters with coverage of specific applications of this science to agriculture, horticulture, and forestry.
Cuprins
Chapter One.
Historical Aspects and Fundamental Terms/Concepts.
Historical Aspects and Fundamental Terms/Concepts.
Discovery of Plant Growth Regulating Compounds.
Auxins.
Gibberellins.
Cytokinins.
Abscisic Acid.
Brassinosteroids.
Salicylates.
Jasmonates.
Fundamental Terms/Concepts.
Summary of Plant Growth Regulating Compounds.
Auxins.
Gibberellins.
Cytokinins.
Abscisic Acid.
Brassinosteroids.
Salicylates.
Jasmonates.
References.
Chapter Two.
Introduction to Methodology for the Extraction, Purification and.
Determination of Plant Hormones.
Extraction Methods.
Diffusion Method.
Solvent Extraction Method.
Tissue preparation.
Extraction.
Purification of Extracts.
Quantification of Plant Hormones.
Bioassays.
Selected Auxin Bioassays.
Selected Gibberellin Bioassays.
Selected Cytokinin Bioassays.
Selected Abscisic Acid Bioassays.
Selected Ethylene Bioassays.
Selected Brassinosteroid Bioassays.
Physiochemical Assays.
GC/MS Detection of Plant Hormones.
Quantification of Ethylene.
HPLC Detection of Plant Hormones.
Immunological Assays.
Final Identification.
Conclusions.
References.
Chapter Three.
Chemistry, Biological Effects and Mechanism of Action of Plant Growth Regulators
Plant Hormones.
Auxins.
Biosynthesis of Indole–3–Acetic Acid.
Free verses Bound Auxins.
Destruction of Indole–3–Acetic Acid.
Synthetic Auxins.
Physiological Effects of Auxins.
Cellular Elongation.
Phototropism.
Geotropism.
Apical Dominance.
Root Initiation and Elongation.
Ethylene Production.
Fruit Growth.
Auxin Transport.
Gibberellins.
Biosynthesis of Gibberellins.
Physiological Effects of Gibberellins.
Effects on Growth of Intact Plants.
Genetic Dwarfism.
Bolting and Flowering.
Mobilization of Storage Compounds, Effects on Seed Germination and Dormancy.
Cytokinins.
Biosynthesis of Cytokinins.
Bound versus Free and Degradation of Cytokinins.
Physiological Effects of Cytokinins.
Cell Division and Organ Formation.
Seed Germination, Cell and Organ Enlargement.
Root Initiation and Growth.
Bud and Shoot Growth.
Delay of Senescence and Promotion of Translocation of Nutrients and Organic Substances.
Abscisic Acid.
Biosynthesis of Abscisic Acid.
Inactivation of Abscisic Acid.
Physiological Effects of Abscisic Acid.
Stomatal Closure.
Defense Against Salt and Temperature Stress.
Dormancy.
Abscission, Seed Germination and Growth.
Ethylene.
Biosynthesis of Ethylene.
Properties of Ethylene and Structure/Activity Relationships.
Induction of Ethylene by Auxin.
Stress Ethylene Production.
Physiological Effects of Ethylene.
Fruit Ripening.
Seedling Growth.
Abscission.
Flowering.
Senescence.
Other Physiological Effects.
Brassinosteroids.
Biosynthesis of Brassinosteroids.
Structure/Activity Relationships.
Transport and Metabolism of Brassinosteroids.
Physiological Effects of Brassinosteroids.
Comparisons with Other Plant Hormones in Different Bioassays.
Promotion of Ethylene Biosynthesis and Epinasty.
Shoot elongation.
Root Growth and Development.
Plant Tissue Culture.
Antiecdysteroid Effects on Insects.
Other Biological Effects
Other Plant Growth Regulators.
Salicylates.
Biosynthesis of Salicylic Acid.
Transport and Inactivation of Salicylic Acid.
Physiological Effects of Salicylic Acid.
Effects on Flowering.
Relationship Between Salicylic Acid and Heat Production in Plants.
Relationship Between Salicylic Acid and Disease Resistance in Plants.
Is Salicylic Acid a New Class of Plant Hormones?.
Jasmonates.
Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Transport of Jasmonates.
Physiological Effects of Jasmonates in Plants.
Jasmonate–Induced Proteins and Regulation of Gene Expression.
Potential of Jasmonates as a Systemic Signal and in the Signal Transduction chain.
Is Jasmonic Acid a New Class of Plant Hormones?.
Plant Growth Retardants.
Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitors.
Onium Compounds.
Pyrimidines.
Triazoles.
Others.
Growth Regulating Compounds Not Inhibiting Gibberellin Biosynthesis.
General Uses of Plant Growth Retardants.
References.
Chapter Four.
Plant Growth Regulators and Plant Physiological Processes
Seed Germination.
The Germination Process.
Imbibition of Water.
Water Uptake.
Changes in Respiration.
Formation or Activation of Enzyme Systems.
Metabolism of Storage Products and Subsequent Transport.
Carbohydrates.
Lipids.
Proteins.
Phosphorous–Containing Compounds.
Transport of Digested Storage Compounds and Synthesis of New Materials.
Emergence of the Radicle and Seedling Growth.
Control of Germination and Seedling Growth.
Specific Plant Growth Regulators.
Gibberellins and Abscisic Acid.
Cytokinins.
Ethylene.
Others.
Environmental Factors Affecting Seed Germination.
Water.
Temperature.
Aeration.
Light.
Priming and Seed Soaking.
Soaking.
Osmotic Priming.
Infusion.
Fluid Drilling
Seedling Growth.
Control of Seedling Growth.
Specific Plant Growth Regulators.
Gibberellins and Abscisic Acid.
Cytokinins.
Ethylene.
Others.
Environmental Factors Affecting Seedling Growth.
Water.
Temperature.
Aeration.
Light.
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators.
Auxins.
Cytokinins.
Gibberellins.
Abscisic Acid and Growth Retardants.
Ethylene.
Brassinosteroids
Rooting.
Anatomical Basis for Adventitious Root Formation.
Stem.
Leaf.
Root.
Polarity of Root and Shoot Formation.
Physiological Basis of Adventitious Root Formation in Cuttings.
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators.
Auxins.
Cytokinins.
Gibberellins.
Abscisic Acid and Growth Retardants.
Ethylene.
Brassinosteroids.
Effects of Buds and Leaves.
Cofactors and Endogenous Inhibitors.
Genetic Transformation to Enhance Rooting.
Factors Affecting Rooting and Growth of Plants From Cuttings.
Growth of Stock Plants for Cutting Production.
Treatment of Cuttings.
Handling of Cuttings.
Treatment of Cuttings with Auxins.
Benefits of Auxin Treatments.
Treatment Techniques.
Nutrition and Use of Fungicides During the Rooting of Cuttings.
Environmental Conditions During Rooting
Photosynthetic Processes and Partitioning of Assimilates.
Gibberellins and Photosynthesis.
Foliar Applications.
Root Applications.
Cytokinins and Photosynthesis.
Foliar Applications.
Root Applications.
Molecular Regulation of Endogenous Levels of Cytokinins and Photosynthesis.
Abscisic Acid and Photosynthesis.
Indole–3–Acetic Acid and Photosynthesis.
Other Plant Growth Regulating Compounds and Photosynthesis
Abscission.
Anatomy of Abscission.
Physiology of Abscission.
Effects of Temperature, Oxygen and Nutritional Factors.
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators.
Ethylene and Auxins.
Abscisic Acid.
Other Plant Growth Regulating Compounds.
Agricultural Abscission.
Leaf Abscission.
Promotion.
Delaying.
Floral Abscission.
Promotion.
Delaying
Dormancy.
Categories of Seed Dormancy.
Primary Seed Dormancy.
Physical Dormancy.
Mechanical Dormancy.
Chemical Dormancy.
Morphological Dormancy.
Physiological Dormancy.
Physiological Embryo Dormancy.
Double Dormancy.
Secondary Seed Dormancy.
Bud Dormancy.
Control of Seed and Bud Dormancy.
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators.
Abscisic Acid.
Gibberellins.
Cytokinins.
Ethylene.
Others.
Effects of Environmental Factors.
Temperature.
Light
Juvenility, Maturity, Flowering and Senescence.
Juvenility.
Juvenile Morphology.
Juvenile Physiology.
Modifying Juvenility.
Nature of Juvenility.
Maturity.
Mature Morphology.
Mature Physiology.
Modifying the Maturation Process.
Flowering.
Effects of Environmental Factors on the Onset of Reproductive Development.
Photoperiodism.
Vernalization.
Effects of Plant Hormones on Flower Initiation, Promotion and Inhibition.
Flower Initiation.
Flower Promotion and Inhibition.
Effects of Plant Hormones on Stem/Inflorescence Growth in Rosette Plants and Sex Expression.
Molecular Biology of Flowering.
Senescence.
Why Study Senescence?.
What Changes Occur During Senescence?.
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on the Senescence Process.
Cytokinins.
Auxins.
Gibberellins.
Ethylene, Abscisic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate.
Use of Plant Growth Regulators to Delay Senescence.
References.
Chapter Five
Post Harvest Physiology.
Background Information on Post Harvest Physiology.
Several Biological Factors Involved in Post Harvest Deterioration.
Respiration.
Ethylene Production.
Compositional Changes.
Pigments, Carbohydrates, Organic Acids, Amino Acids and Lipids.
Growth and Development.
Sprouting, Rooting, Elongation and Curvature and Seed Germination.
Transpiration.
Physiological Breakdown.
Freezing Injury, Chilling Injury and Heat Injury.
Physical and Pathological Damage.
Five Environmental Factors Influencing Post Harvest Deterioration.
Temperature.
Relative Humidity.
Atmospheric Composition.
Ethylene.
Light.
Post Harvest Technology Procedures.
Temperature Management.
Control of Relative Humidity.
Supplements to Temperature and Humidity Management.
Commercially Used Plant Growth Regulators in Post Harvest Storage.
Promotion of Ethylene to Stimulate Ripening.
Inhibit Ethylene to Delay Ripening.
Plant Growth Retardants.
To Improve Shelf Life of Potted Plants.
To Prevent Sprouting in Potatoes and Onions.
Use of Compounds Containing Gibberellins.
References.
Chapter Six.
Plant Growth Regulators and Their Uses in Pomology: Physiology of Fruit Set,
Growth, Development, Ripening, Premature Drop and Abscission.
Physiology of Fruit Set.
Effects of Auxins and Gibberellins on Fruit Set.
Effects of Cytokinins, Abscisic Acid and Ethylene on Fruit Set.
Physiology of Fruit Growth and Development.
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Fruit Growth and Development.
Auxins and Fruit Growth.
Gibberellins and Fruit Growth.
Cytokinins and Fruit Growth.
Chemical Thinning of Flowers and Fruits.
Fruit Ripening.
Prevention of Fruit Drop.
Induction of Abscission.
Commercially Used Plant Growth Regulating Compounds in Pomology.
Plant Growth Retardants.
Compounds Containing Gibberellins.
Compounds Containing Auxins.
Compounds Containing Gibberellins and Cytokinins.
Ethylene Biosynthesis Inhibitor.
References.
Chapter Seven.
Plant Growth Regulators and Their Uses in Olericulture.
Control of Tuberization by Plant Growth Regulators.
Endogenous Levels of Plant Hormones.
Gibberellins.
Cytokinins.
Inhibitors.
Other Plant Growth Regulating Compounds.
Exogenous Applications of Plant Growth Regulating Compounds.
Gibberellins.
Cytokinins.
Salicylates and Jasmonates.
Other Plant Growth Regulating Compounds.
Plant Growth Involvement in the Tuberization Process.
Commercially Used Plant Growth Regulating Compounds in Olericulture.
Plant Growth Retardants.
Compounds Containing Gibberellins.
Compounds Containing Auxins.
References.
Chapter Eight.
Plant Growth Regulators Used in Ornamental Horticulture.
Plant Growth Regulators in Floricultural Crops.
Plant Growth Retardants.
Compounds Containing Auxins for Rooting.
Compounds Containing Gibberellins.
Plant Growth Regulators Used in the Interiorscape.
Plant Growth Retardants.
Compounds Containing Auxins.
Plant Growth Regulators Used in Landscape Horticulture.
Compounds Containing Auxins for Rooting.
Use of Auxins for Weed Control.
References.
Chapter Nine.
Plant Growth Regulators Used For Weed Control.
Weed Control Methods.
Prevention, Control and Eradication.
Weed Mangement.
Introduction to Chemical Control.
Herbicides That Resemble Auxin Action.
Phenoxy Acids.
2,4–D.
MCPA.
2,4–DB and MCPB.
Dichloroprop and Mecoprop.
Benzoic Acids.
Pyrimidines.
Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitors.
Inhibition of Respiration, Photosynthesis and Biosynthetic Processes.
Respiration Inhibitors.
Photosynthetic Inhibitors.
Inhibitors of Biosynthetic Processes.
Cell Division Inhibitors.
Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis Inhibitors.
Inhibitors of Amino Acids.
Inhibitors of Carotinoid Biosynthesis.
Inhibitors of Lipid Biosynthesis.
Cell Membrane Disruptors.
Genetic Engineering for Herbicide Resistance in Higher Plants.
Summery.
References.
Chapter Ten.
Plant Growth Regulators and Their Uses in Agronomy.
Plant Growth Regulators Used in the Turf Industry.
Herbicides.
Plant Growth Retardants.
Cell Division Inhibitors Type I.
Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitors Type II.
Ethylene Releasing Compounds.
Compounds Containing Gibberellins.
Compounds Containing Auxins.
Plant Growth Regulators in Agronomic Crops.
Plant Growth Retardants.
References.
Chapter Eleven.
Plant Growth Regulators and Their Uses in Forestry.
Plant Growth Retardants.
Plant Growth Regulating Compounds Containing Auxins.
Plant Growth Regulating Compounds Containing Gibberellins.
References.
Chapter Twelve.
Commonly Used Calculations for Plant Growth Regulators.
Discuss the Five Units of Concentration.
Molarity.
Molality.
Normality.
Percent By Volume.
Percent By Weight.
Examples on How to Calculate.
Percentage by Volume.
Percentage by Weight.
Molarity.
Parts Per Million.
The Amount of Plant Growth Regulator to be Applied Per Area.
The Amount of Active Ingredient to be Applied Per Container.
References.
Chapter Thirteen.
Tissue Culture and Micropropagation.
General Introduction to Tissue Culture and Micropropagation.
Uses of Plant Growth Regulating Compounds in Tissue Culture and Micropropagation.
Auxins.
Gibberellins.
Cytokinins.
Abscisic Acid.
Ethylene.
Brassinosteroids.
Salicylates.
Jasmonates.
Plant Growth Retardants.
References.
Chapter Fourteen.
Genetically Engineering Crops To Modify Endogenous Levels of Plant Hormones.
And/Or Their Response To Them.
Reducing Ethylene Production.
Antisense Technology.
ACC Synthase.
ACC Oxidase.
Modify the Ethylene Receptor to Block Perception.
Increase Internal Auxin Levels.
Promote Rooting.
Decrease Internal Auxin Levels.
Promote Lateral Branching.
Increase Internal Cytokinin Levels.
Promote Lateral Branching.
References
Historical Aspects and Fundamental Terms/Concepts.
Discovery of Plant Growth Regulating Compounds.
Auxins.
Gibberellins.
Cytokinins.
Abscisic Acid.
Brassinosteroids.
Salicylates.
Jasmonates.
Fundamental Terms/Concepts.
Summary of Plant Growth Regulating Compounds.
Auxins.
Gibberellins.
Cytokinins.
Abscisic Acid.
Brassinosteroids.
Salicylates.
Jasmonates.
References.
Chapter Two.
Introduction to Methodology for the Extraction, Purification and.
Determination of Plant Hormones.
Extraction Methods.
Diffusion Method.
Solvent Extraction Method.
Tissue preparation.
Extraction.
Purification of Extracts.
Quantification of Plant Hormones.
Bioassays.
Selected Auxin Bioassays.
Selected Gibberellin Bioassays.
Selected Cytokinin Bioassays.
Selected Abscisic Acid Bioassays.
Selected Ethylene Bioassays.
Selected Brassinosteroid Bioassays.
Physiochemical Assays.
GC/MS Detection of Plant Hormones.
Quantification of Ethylene.
HPLC Detection of Plant Hormones.
Immunological Assays.
Final Identification.
Conclusions.
References.
Chapter Three.
Chemistry, Biological Effects and Mechanism of Action of Plant Growth Regulators
Plant Hormones.
Auxins.
Biosynthesis of Indole–3–Acetic Acid.
Free verses Bound Auxins.
Destruction of Indole–3–Acetic Acid.
Synthetic Auxins.
Physiological Effects of Auxins.
Cellular Elongation.
Phototropism.
Geotropism.
Apical Dominance.
Root Initiation and Elongation.
Ethylene Production.
Fruit Growth.
Auxin Transport.
Gibberellins.
Biosynthesis of Gibberellins.
Physiological Effects of Gibberellins.
Effects on Growth of Intact Plants.
Genetic Dwarfism.
Bolting and Flowering.
Mobilization of Storage Compounds, Effects on Seed Germination and Dormancy.
Cytokinins.
Biosynthesis of Cytokinins.
Bound versus Free and Degradation of Cytokinins.
Physiological Effects of Cytokinins.
Cell Division and Organ Formation.
Seed Germination, Cell and Organ Enlargement.
Root Initiation and Growth.
Bud and Shoot Growth.
Delay of Senescence and Promotion of Translocation of Nutrients and Organic Substances.
Abscisic Acid.
Biosynthesis of Abscisic Acid.
Inactivation of Abscisic Acid.
Physiological Effects of Abscisic Acid.
Stomatal Closure.
Defense Against Salt and Temperature Stress.
Dormancy.
Abscission, Seed Germination and Growth.
Ethylene.
Biosynthesis of Ethylene.
Properties of Ethylene and Structure/Activity Relationships.
Induction of Ethylene by Auxin.
Stress Ethylene Production.
Physiological Effects of Ethylene.
Fruit Ripening.
Seedling Growth.
Abscission.
Flowering.
Senescence.
Other Physiological Effects.
Brassinosteroids.
Biosynthesis of Brassinosteroids.
Structure/Activity Relationships.
Transport and Metabolism of Brassinosteroids.
Physiological Effects of Brassinosteroids.
Comparisons with Other Plant Hormones in Different Bioassays.
Promotion of Ethylene Biosynthesis and Epinasty.
Shoot elongation.
Root Growth and Development.
Plant Tissue Culture.
Antiecdysteroid Effects on Insects.
Other Biological Effects
Other Plant Growth Regulators.
Salicylates.
Biosynthesis of Salicylic Acid.
Transport and Inactivation of Salicylic Acid.
Physiological Effects of Salicylic Acid.
Effects on Flowering.
Relationship Between Salicylic Acid and Heat Production in Plants.
Relationship Between Salicylic Acid and Disease Resistance in Plants.
Is Salicylic Acid a New Class of Plant Hormones?.
Jasmonates.
Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Transport of Jasmonates.
Physiological Effects of Jasmonates in Plants.
Jasmonate–Induced Proteins and Regulation of Gene Expression.
Potential of Jasmonates as a Systemic Signal and in the Signal Transduction chain.
Is Jasmonic Acid a New Class of Plant Hormones?.
Plant Growth Retardants.
Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitors.
Onium Compounds.
Pyrimidines.
Triazoles.
Others.
Growth Regulating Compounds Not Inhibiting Gibberellin Biosynthesis.
General Uses of Plant Growth Retardants.
References.
Chapter Four.
Plant Growth Regulators and Plant Physiological Processes
Seed Germination.
The Germination Process.
Imbibition of Water.
Water Uptake.
Changes in Respiration.
Formation or Activation of Enzyme Systems.
Metabolism of Storage Products and Subsequent Transport.
Carbohydrates.
Lipids.
Proteins.
Phosphorous–Containing Compounds.
Transport of Digested Storage Compounds and Synthesis of New Materials.
Emergence of the Radicle and Seedling Growth.
Control of Germination and Seedling Growth.
Specific Plant Growth Regulators.
Gibberellins and Abscisic Acid.
Cytokinins.
Ethylene.
Others.
Environmental Factors Affecting Seed Germination.
Water.
Temperature.
Aeration.
Light.
Priming and Seed Soaking.
Soaking.
Osmotic Priming.
Infusion.
Fluid Drilling
Seedling Growth.
Control of Seedling Growth.
Specific Plant Growth Regulators.
Gibberellins and Abscisic Acid.
Cytokinins.
Ethylene.
Others.
Environmental Factors Affecting Seedling Growth.
Water.
Temperature.
Aeration.
Light.
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators.
Auxins.
Cytokinins.
Gibberellins.
Abscisic Acid and Growth Retardants.
Ethylene.
Brassinosteroids
Rooting.
Anatomical Basis for Adventitious Root Formation.
Stem.
Leaf.
Root.
Polarity of Root and Shoot Formation.
Physiological Basis of Adventitious Root Formation in Cuttings.
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators.
Auxins.
Cytokinins.
Gibberellins.
Abscisic Acid and Growth Retardants.
Ethylene.
Brassinosteroids.
Effects of Buds and Leaves.
Cofactors and Endogenous Inhibitors.
Genetic Transformation to Enhance Rooting.
Factors Affecting Rooting and Growth of Plants From Cuttings.
Growth of Stock Plants for Cutting Production.
Treatment of Cuttings.
Handling of Cuttings.
Treatment of Cuttings with Auxins.
Benefits of Auxin Treatments.
Treatment Techniques.
Nutrition and Use of Fungicides During the Rooting of Cuttings.
Environmental Conditions During Rooting
Photosynthetic Processes and Partitioning of Assimilates.
Gibberellins and Photosynthesis.
Foliar Applications.
Root Applications.
Cytokinins and Photosynthesis.
Foliar Applications.
Root Applications.
Molecular Regulation of Endogenous Levels of Cytokinins and Photosynthesis.
Abscisic Acid and Photosynthesis.
Indole–3–Acetic Acid and Photosynthesis.
Other Plant Growth Regulating Compounds and Photosynthesis
Abscission.
Anatomy of Abscission.
Physiology of Abscission.
Effects of Temperature, Oxygen and Nutritional Factors.
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators.
Ethylene and Auxins.
Abscisic Acid.
Other Plant Growth Regulating Compounds.
Agricultural Abscission.
Leaf Abscission.
Promotion.
Delaying.
Floral Abscission.
Promotion.
Delaying
Dormancy.
Categories of Seed Dormancy.
Primary Seed Dormancy.
Physical Dormancy.
Mechanical Dormancy.
Chemical Dormancy.
Morphological Dormancy.
Physiological Dormancy.
Physiological Embryo Dormancy.
Double Dormancy.
Secondary Seed Dormancy.
Bud Dormancy.
Control of Seed and Bud Dormancy.
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators.
Abscisic Acid.
Gibberellins.
Cytokinins.
Ethylene.
Others.
Effects of Environmental Factors.
Temperature.
Light
Juvenility, Maturity, Flowering and Senescence.
Juvenility.
Juvenile Morphology.
Juvenile Physiology.
Modifying Juvenility.
Nature of Juvenility.
Maturity.
Mature Morphology.
Mature Physiology.
Modifying the Maturation Process.
Flowering.
Effects of Environmental Factors on the Onset of Reproductive Development.
Photoperiodism.
Vernalization.
Effects of Plant Hormones on Flower Initiation, Promotion and Inhibition.
Flower Initiation.
Flower Promotion and Inhibition.
Effects of Plant Hormones on Stem/Inflorescence Growth in Rosette Plants and Sex Expression.
Molecular Biology of Flowering.
Senescence.
Why Study Senescence?.
What Changes Occur During Senescence?.
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on the Senescence Process.
Cytokinins.
Auxins.
Gibberellins.
Ethylene, Abscisic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate.
Use of Plant Growth Regulators to Delay Senescence.
References.
Chapter Five
Post Harvest Physiology.
Background Information on Post Harvest Physiology.
Several Biological Factors Involved in Post Harvest Deterioration.
Respiration.
Ethylene Production.
Compositional Changes.
Pigments, Carbohydrates, Organic Acids, Amino Acids and Lipids.
Growth and Development.
Sprouting, Rooting, Elongation and Curvature and Seed Germination.
Transpiration.
Physiological Breakdown.
Freezing Injury, Chilling Injury and Heat Injury.
Physical and Pathological Damage.
Five Environmental Factors Influencing Post Harvest Deterioration.
Temperature.
Relative Humidity.
Atmospheric Composition.
Ethylene.
Light.
Post Harvest Technology Procedures.
Temperature Management.
Control of Relative Humidity.
Supplements to Temperature and Humidity Management.
Commercially Used Plant Growth Regulators in Post Harvest Storage.
Promotion of Ethylene to Stimulate Ripening.
Inhibit Ethylene to Delay Ripening.
Plant Growth Retardants.
To Improve Shelf Life of Potted Plants.
To Prevent Sprouting in Potatoes and Onions.
Use of Compounds Containing Gibberellins.
References.
Chapter Six.
Plant Growth Regulators and Their Uses in Pomology: Physiology of Fruit Set,
Growth, Development, Ripening, Premature Drop and Abscission.
Physiology of Fruit Set.
Effects of Auxins and Gibberellins on Fruit Set.
Effects of Cytokinins, Abscisic Acid and Ethylene on Fruit Set.
Physiology of Fruit Growth and Development.
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Fruit Growth and Development.
Auxins and Fruit Growth.
Gibberellins and Fruit Growth.
Cytokinins and Fruit Growth.
Chemical Thinning of Flowers and Fruits.
Fruit Ripening.
Prevention of Fruit Drop.
Induction of Abscission.
Commercially Used Plant Growth Regulating Compounds in Pomology.
Plant Growth Retardants.
Compounds Containing Gibberellins.
Compounds Containing Auxins.
Compounds Containing Gibberellins and Cytokinins.
Ethylene Biosynthesis Inhibitor.
References.
Chapter Seven.
Plant Growth Regulators and Their Uses in Olericulture.
Control of Tuberization by Plant Growth Regulators.
Endogenous Levels of Plant Hormones.
Gibberellins.
Cytokinins.
Inhibitors.
Other Plant Growth Regulating Compounds.
Exogenous Applications of Plant Growth Regulating Compounds.
Gibberellins.
Cytokinins.
Salicylates and Jasmonates.
Other Plant Growth Regulating Compounds.
Plant Growth Involvement in the Tuberization Process.
Commercially Used Plant Growth Regulating Compounds in Olericulture.
Plant Growth Retardants.
Compounds Containing Gibberellins.
Compounds Containing Auxins.
References.
Chapter Eight.
Plant Growth Regulators Used in Ornamental Horticulture.
Plant Growth Regulators in Floricultural Crops.
Plant Growth Retardants.
Compounds Containing Auxins for Rooting.
Compounds Containing Gibberellins.
Plant Growth Regulators Used in the Interiorscape.
Plant Growth Retardants.
Compounds Containing Auxins.
Plant Growth Regulators Used in Landscape Horticulture.
Compounds Containing Auxins for Rooting.
Use of Auxins for Weed Control.
References.
Chapter Nine.
Plant Growth Regulators Used For Weed Control.
Weed Control Methods.
Prevention, Control and Eradication.
Weed Mangement.
Introduction to Chemical Control.
Herbicides That Resemble Auxin Action.
Phenoxy Acids.
2,4–D.
MCPA.
2,4–DB and MCPB.
Dichloroprop and Mecoprop.
Benzoic Acids.
Pyrimidines.
Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitors.
Inhibition of Respiration, Photosynthesis and Biosynthetic Processes.
Respiration Inhibitors.
Photosynthetic Inhibitors.
Inhibitors of Biosynthetic Processes.
Cell Division Inhibitors.
Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis Inhibitors.
Inhibitors of Amino Acids.
Inhibitors of Carotinoid Biosynthesis.
Inhibitors of Lipid Biosynthesis.
Cell Membrane Disruptors.
Genetic Engineering for Herbicide Resistance in Higher Plants.
Summery.
References.
Chapter Ten.
Plant Growth Regulators and Their Uses in Agronomy.
Plant Growth Regulators Used in the Turf Industry.
Herbicides.
Plant Growth Retardants.
Cell Division Inhibitors Type I.
Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitors Type II.
Ethylene Releasing Compounds.
Compounds Containing Gibberellins.
Compounds Containing Auxins.
Plant Growth Regulators in Agronomic Crops.
Plant Growth Retardants.
References.
Chapter Eleven.
Plant Growth Regulators and Their Uses in Forestry.
Plant Growth Retardants.
Plant Growth Regulating Compounds Containing Auxins.
Plant Growth Regulating Compounds Containing Gibberellins.
References.
Chapter Twelve.
Commonly Used Calculations for Plant Growth Regulators.
Discuss the Five Units of Concentration.
Molarity.
Molality.
Normality.
Percent By Volume.
Percent By Weight.
Examples on How to Calculate.
Percentage by Volume.
Percentage by Weight.
Molarity.
Parts Per Million.
The Amount of Plant Growth Regulator to be Applied Per Area.
The Amount of Active Ingredient to be Applied Per Container.
References.
Chapter Thirteen.
Tissue Culture and Micropropagation.
General Introduction to Tissue Culture and Micropropagation.
Uses of Plant Growth Regulating Compounds in Tissue Culture and Micropropagation.
Auxins.
Gibberellins.
Cytokinins.
Abscisic Acid.
Ethylene.
Brassinosteroids.
Salicylates.
Jasmonates.
Plant Growth Retardants.
References.
Chapter Fourteen.
Genetically Engineering Crops To Modify Endogenous Levels of Plant Hormones.
And/Or Their Response To Them.
Reducing Ethylene Production.
Antisense Technology.
ACC Synthase.
ACC Oxidase.
Modify the Ethylene Receptor to Block Perception.
Increase Internal Auxin Levels.
Promote Rooting.
Decrease Internal Auxin Levels.
Promote Lateral Branching.
Increase Internal Cytokinin Levels.
Promote Lateral Branching.
References
Notă biografică
Richard N. Arteca is a Professor in the Department of Horticulture at The Pennsylvania State University.
Jeanette M. Arteca is a Senior Research Aide in the Department of Horticulture at The Pennsylvania State University.
Jeanette M. Arteca is a Senior Research Aide in the Department of Horticulture at The Pennsylvania State University.