Increasing pollution of water and soils by xenobiotic compounds as well as the stunning issue of antibiotic-resistance among microorganisms has provoked the need for adequate understanding of the roles of plasmid DNA in the development of novel catabolic pathways among microbial populations as well as its application for enhanced bioremediation processes. Today, very few academic literature exists on this subject matter. Although, plasmid DNA is becoming increasingly important as the next generation of biotechnology products which have made their way into clinical trials and eventually into pharmaceutical marketplace.This book describes in simple language the isolation and application of plasmid purification protocols based on modified alkaline lysis procedures applicable for both epidemiological as well as environmental surveillance for sustainable development.This book will be a useful manual for Enviromental microbiologists,Medical microbiologists,molecular biologists,Biochemists and Biological scientists generally.