This publication reflects the experience of one of the leading schools of thoracic surgery in Uzbekistan in the field of tracheal surgery. The authors analyze the main aspects of etiology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of patients with tracheal stenosis and extensive defects of the anterior tracheal wall. The offered monograph is devoted to the generalization of the world scientific experience concerning the methods of various plastic operations on the trachea and bronchi as well as the analysis of more than 200 operations performed by the team of the department of the lungs and mediastinum surgery of the RSMC named after academician Vahidov. V. Vahidov. Methods of plastic closure of the terminal and extensive circular defects of the trachea and bronchi are discussed in detail. The anesthesiological issues, algorithm of the postoperative management of patients and prevention of possible complications are considered in the corresponding chapters. The monograph outlines further ways of development of the plasty of tracheal and bronchial defects. The manual is recommended for thoracic surgeons, pulmonologists, ENT-specialists as well as for students of the departments, clinical residents and residents of master's degree programs.