Polarographic Oxygen Sensors: Aquatic and Physiological Applications

I Principles of Sensor Design and Operation.- I.1 Factors Influencing the Stability of Polarographic Oxygen Sensors.- I.2 Calibration and Accuracy of Polarographic Oxygen Sensors.- I.3 A Thermodynamic Consideration of Permeability Coefficients of Membranes.- I.4 Microcoaxial Needle Sensor for Polarographic Measurement of Local O2 Pressure in the Cellular Range of Living Tissue. Its Construction and Properties.- I.5 Electrolytes.- I.6 The Action of Hydrogen Sulfide on Polarographic Oxygen Sensors.- I.7 A Double-Membrane Sterilizable Oxygen Sensor.- I.8 Construction of a Polarographic Oxygen Sensor in the Laboratory.- I.9 A Polarographic Oxygen Sensor Designed for Sewage Work and Field Application.- I.10 Electronic Circuits for Polarographic Oxygen Sensors.- I.11 The Application of a Microprocessor to Dissolved Oxygen Measurement Instrumentation.- II Laboratory Applications of Polarographic Oxygen Sensors.- II.1 An Automated Multiple-Chamber Intermittent-Flow Respirometer.- II.2 The Application of Polarographic Oxygen Sensors for Continuous Assessment of Gas Exchange in Aquatic Animals.- II.3 The Twin-Flow Microrespirometer and Simultaneous Calorimetry.- II.4 Simultaneous Direct and Indirect Calorimetry.- II.5 An Automated, Intermittent Flow Respirometer for Monitoring Oxygen Consumption and Long-Term Activity of Pelagic Crustaceans.- II.6 Sealed Respirometers for Small Invertebrates.- II.7 A Method for the Simultaneous Long-Term Recording of Oxygen Evolution and Chloroplast Migration in an Individual Cell of Acetabularia.- II.8 A Respirometer for Monitoring Homogenate and Mitochondrial Respiration.- II.9 Bacterial Growth and Antibiotics in Animal Respirometry.- II.10 pO2 and Oxygen Content Measurement in Blood Samples Using Polarographic Oxygen Sensors.- II.11 Determination of the In Vivo Oxygen Flux into the Eye.- III Field Applications of Polarographic Oxygen Sensors.- III.l In Situ Measurement of Oxygen Profiles in Lakes: Microstratifications, Oscillations, and the Limits of Comparison with Chemical Methods.- III.2 In Situ Measurement of Oxygen Profiles of Sediments by Use of Oxygen Microelectrodes.- III.3 Methods for Measuring Benthic Community Respiration Rates.- III.4 In Situ Measurement of Community Metabolism in Littoral Marine Systems.- III.5 Deap-Sea Respirometry: In Situ Techniques.- Appendix A Calculation of Equilibrium Oxygen Concentration H. Forstner and E. Gnaiger.- Appendix B Calculation of pO2 in Water Equilibrated with a Mixture of Room Air and Nitrogen.- Appendix C Calculation of Energetic and Biochemical Equivalents of Respiratory Oxygen Consumption E. Gnaiger (With 1 Figure).- Appendix D The Winkler Determination H.L. Golterman (With 1 Figure).- Appendix E Symbols and Units: Toward Standardization E. Gnaiger.