Irregular migrants, who by definition are in an unlawful situation, face insecurity on a daily basis. This prompted the Council of Europe's European Committee on Migration (CDMG) to assess the policy and practice in member states. The aim of the exercise was to identify and evaluate national experiences regarding regularization proceedings and to draw up proposals for dealing with irregular migration and improving co-operation between countries of origin and host countries. Volumes I and II cover five countries that participated in the first series of evaluations: Armenia, Germany, Greece, Italy and the Russian Federation. Volume III and IV include reports prepared within the second series and cover five other countries: France, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom.