We are used to thinking that the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s was an essentially Western phenomenon. The surge in pornographic production, effective oral contraception, and new developments in fashion and popular culture all seem to be inextricably linked with a capitalist economy. Yet little has still been written about the transformations of intimate lives on the other side of the Iron Curtain. Was there a sexual revolution behind the Berlin Wall? And, if so, what areas of social life did it impact? Did women - in the words of Kristen Ghodsee - have better sex under socialism?Polish Sexual Revolutions: Negotiating Sexuality and Modernity behind the Iron Curtain studies the history of sexuality in state-socialist Poland in its European and global contexts, focusing on how communism transformed both sexual discourses and intimate practices between 1945 and 1989. It reconfigures our understanding of the sexual revolution, departing from the case study of Poland to complicate the oversimplified and much-misused concepts of 'sexual modernity' and 'progress'. Engaging with the most recent scholarship on sexuality in East Central Europe and a wide range of unused primary material, including visual and material sources, the monograph reassesses the role played by communist states in modernising their citizens' approaches to sex. Contrary to the stereotype which perceives the region as 'lagging behind' the West in sexual matters and having to 'catch up' after 1989, the book sheds light on the ambiguous and progressive histories of state-socialist entanglements with sex to showcase alternative visions of sexual liberation. In so doing, and by focusing on forgotten genealogies of discussions of sexuality, the monograph historicises the roots of contemporary debates on sex education, LGBTQ+ and women's rights in the region.