Currently Nepal is in the process of fundamental transformation: from monarchy to republic; centralised exclusionary to inclusive and democratic, unitary to federal and secular state, whcih is a collective outcome of aspirations of millions of Nepali people (reflected in the armed insurgency waged by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), popular people's movement of April 2006, efforts of political parties, vibrant media, and the youth. This book is the documentation of evidences of changes, difficulties and opportunities. The Comprehensive peace Agreement and the Interim Constitution of 2006 provided framework for the transformation to be institutionalise by the Constituent Assembly. This book has assessed the war and its impacts, documented and analysed the peace process and highlighted the opportunities and challenges (e.g., addressing problems of the Maoist ex-combatant, democratisation of security forces, federalisation of the country and reviving shrinking economy) for a post-conflict state building to develop a politically stable, economically prosperous, socially just, environmentally sustainable inclusive Nepal.