Post-Lesion Neural Plasticity de Hans Flohr

Post-Lesion Neural Plasticity

Hans Flohr

en Limba Engleză Paperback – 22 dec 2011

Neural networks are not rigidly wired but rather highly plastic structures, the functional architecture of which can be actively reorganized in response to external or internal events. Lesions of such networks induce plastic processes which in time may lead to a recovery of the initially disrupted function. This type of neural plasticity is the main focus of the book, which presents a broad spectrum of experimental paradigms for lesion-induced plasticity as in the spinal cord, the vestibular, oculomotor, visual and olfactory system, the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex, including recent methodological developments. Concepts and perspectives in understanding neural plasticity are reported in reviews and original research reports and are thoroughly discussed.

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I Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Lesion-Induced Plastic Processes.- Multiple Sites and Modes for the Regulation of Axonal Growth.- Models, Mechanisms and Kinetics of Neuromuscular Synapse Elimination in Reinnervated Adult Skeletal Muscle.- Elimination of a Single Axon Changes Synaptic Characteristics of the Other Axons Innervating a Muscle Fibre of Lobster.- Nerve Growth Factor and the Reinnervation of Skin After Peripheral Nerve Lesions.- Modulation of Glial Cell Response to Injury and CNS Regeneration.- Structural Plasticity in Lesioned Motoneurons.- The Influence of Magnetic Field on the Sheath Cell-Axon Interactions.- Putative Role of Apolipoprotein E and Lipoproteins in Peripheral Nerve Repair.- Protein Kinase C and Protein F1: Potential Molecular Mediators of Lesion-Induced Synaptic Plasticity Recapitulate Developmental Plasticity.- The Kinase C Substrate Protein B-50 (GAP43) and its Function in Axonal Repair Mechanisms.- Neuronal Metabolic Basis of the Conditioning Lesion Effect.- Postsynaptic Receptor Elimination During Synaptic Competition.- Changes in Dendrites of Adult Rat Ganglion Cells Regenerating Axons into Peripheral Grafts.- Compensatory Sprouting of Retinofugal Axon Trees After Early Tectal Lesions: New Evidence for the Principle of “Conservation of Total Axonal Arborizations”.- II CNS Development and Lesions.- The Effect of Early and Late Hemidecortication on Vision and Locomotion in the Rabbit.- Post-Lesion Neural Plasticity in Cerebral Cortex: The Response of Rat Sensorimotor Cortex to Neonatal Ablation of the Opposite Hemisphere.- Reduction of Plasticity in the Primary Visual Cortex of the Rat.- Split Brain Surgically Performed in Developing and in Adult Cats: Physiological Properties and Recovery of Visual Cortex Neurons.- Neuronal Remodeling After Early Cerebellar Hemispherectomy in Rats.- Neonatal Versus Adult Hemicerebellectomy: A Behavioral and Anatomical Analysis.- III Lesions to Specific CNS Subsystems: Spinal Cord.- Does Collateral Sprouting from Corticospinal Fibers Participate in Motor Recovery After Spinal Hemisection in Monkeys?.- Pathfinding and Synaptic Specificity of Regenerating Spinal Axons in the Lamprey.- Altered Kinematic Patterns and Synapses in Recovery of Motor Behavior After Hindlimb Deafferentation in Cats.- Influence of the Noradrenergic Coeruleospinal System on Recurrent Inhibition in the Spinal Cord and its Role During Postural Reflexes.- IV Lesions to Specific CNS Subsystems: Vestibular System.- Plastic, Adaptive Changes in the Vestibuloocular Reflex and Their Role in Recovery from Labyrinthine Lesions.- Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Compensation in the Vertical and Horizontal Planes Following Unilateral Peripheral Vestibular Deficit in Man.- Recovery from Unilateral Labyrinthectomy in Primates.- Vestibular Compensation: Aspects of Time Course and De-Compensation.- Cervico-Ocular Reflex After Labyrinthine Damage.- Compensation of Cerebellar-Vestibular Lesions and Microgravity.- HRP Study on Structural Changes in the Commissural Fiber System of Rana temporaria Following Labyrinthectomy.- Multimodal Sensory Substitution Process in Vestibular Compensation.- Electrophysiological Changes in Vestibular Cortex After Labyrinthine Input Deprivation.- Optokinetic and Vestibular Oculomotor Responses and Their Interaction Following Hemilabyrinthectomy in the Cat.- “Acute” Vestibular Compensation in the Goldfish: A Visual Substitution Process?.- V Lesions to Specific CNS Subsystems: Cerebellum and Oculomotor System.- Recovery from Smooth Pursuit Impairments After Successive Unilateral and Bilateral Chemical Lesions in the Dorsolateral Pontine Nucleus of the Monkey.- Regeneration of Cerebellofugal Projection in Kittens.- Compensatory Mechanisms at the Level of the Vestibular Nuclei Following Post-Natal Degeneration of Specific Cerebellar Cell Classes and Ablation of the Cerebellum in Mutant Mice.- Functional Recovery of the Primate Oculomotor Pursuit System Following Cerebellar and Cerebral Cortical Lesions.- VI Lesions to Specific CNS Subsystems: Visual System.- The Effect of Monocular Pattern Deprivation and Open-Loop Stimulation on Optokinetic Nystagmus in Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus).- Return of Function After Optic Tract Lesions in Adult Rats: Spontaneous Axonal Regeneration?.- Lesion-Induced Relative Supersensitivity to an Excitatory Amino Acid Agonist in the Cat Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus.- Path- and Homefinding of Regenerating Retinal Axons in Goldfish.- Regeneration of the Retinotectal Projection in Goldfish: Selective Stabilization of Retinotopic Synapses by Correlated Activity.- VII Lesions to Specific CNS Subsystems: Somatosensory Cortex, Motor Cortex, Basal Ganglia.- Plasticity in Nonprimary Somatosensory Cortex of Adult Monkeys.- Plasticity and Function of Associational Input to the Motor Cortex.- Anatomical and Electrophysiological Studies of Aberrant Corticorubral Fibers Induced by Lesions of the Cerebral Cortex in Kitten.- Parallels in Behavioral and Neural Plasticity Induced by Unilateral Vibrissae Removal and Unilateral Lesion of the Substantia Nigra.- VIII Lesions to Specific CNS Subsystems: Auditory System, Olfactory System.- Axonal Regeneration After Transection of the Commissure of the Inferior Colliculus.- Post-Lesion Plasticity in the Auditory System of the Cricket.- Peripheral and Central Post-Lesion Plasticity in the Olfactory System of the Goldfish: Behavior and Morphology.- IX Pharmacology of CNS Injury.- Melanocortins: A Potential Role in the Therapy of Neurological Disorders.- Sprouting Pattern and B-50 Phosphorylation in Regenerating Sciatic Nerve Respond to ACTH Peptides.- ACTH(4–10) and ACTH(1–24) Influence Neurite Outgrowth and Neural Development of Fetal Rat Cerebral Cultures.- Comparative Effect of Some Neurotropic Agents on Balance Compensation After Unilateral and Bilateral (Two-Staged) Labyrinthectomy in Squirrel Monkeys.- Glucocorticoids and Lesion-Induced Plasticity.- Ganglioside Treatment and Post-Lesion Neural Plasticity. A Unifying Theory on Ganglioside Mechanism of Action.- Role of Gangliosides in Functional Recovery of Damaged Nervous System.- Central and Cerebellar Norepinephrine Depletion and Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) Adaptation.- Sensorimotor Activity and Metabolic Factors in Vestibular Compensation.- Role of the Ca2+ Entry Blocker Flunarizine in Vestibular Compensation.- Effect of Substance P on Vestibular Compensation.