The objectives of this work were to evaluate the knowledge and practices of BH prescription in the surgical environment, the impact of an information-training action on this knowledge and to elaborate a document to help in BH prescription. We conducted a prospective study in seven surgical departments. An evaluation of the correctness of BH prescription (practice-study) with an evaluation of knowledge (knowledge-study) was followed by an information-training action evaluated by a questionnaire. The practice-study included 163 patients of whom 126 (77%) had an inappropriate BH prescription. The knowledge study included 57 physicians, 33 of whom frequently prescribed a BH. The median score for the knowledge assessment questions was 5/8 [2.5-8] and 7/8 [4-8] after the information-training session. In conclusion, BH prescribing was not in accordance with SFAR recommendations. This was explained by: lack of knowledge, the practice of defensive medicine, and the absence of a collaborative climate between the different stakeholders.