This book explores the personalities of all United States Presidents, with the addition of understanding their Enneagram and Myers-Briggs personality types. It's a challenge to discover the real personality of each president due to the abundance of myth and image-making that surrounds the office in general. This includes exaggerated anecdotes and stories, debunking from opposed political parties, inaccurate or contradictory information, patriotic rewriting of history and skewed perspectives. I've read many articles and books, quotes from people who knew them, diary entries, historical analyses and watched documentaries about the presidents. I have gathered and studied in depth a great deal of presidential information. All this research has been combined with my own experience with the Enneagram and Myers-Briggs. In this work I have attempted to reflect the basic personality structure of each president with strengths and weaknesses, complexities and contradictions. Each chapter is filled with information and stories about the Presidents throughout their lives, not just the presidency. My type conclusions come from a number of sources - books and articles, The History Channel Presidential TV documentaries, National Geographic and other TV network specials or miniseries that I read articles about for historical accuracy, hundreds of articles and book reviews online, history lectures and author book reviews downloaded to YouTube, talking to historians, studying many paintings and photographs, attending lectures about presidents at the Massachusetts Historical Society in Boston, visiting presidential sites such as the Adams Estate in Quincy, MA, the Coolidge House in Plymouth, Vermont and the Franklin Pierce homes in New Hampshire and an eight-day visit to presidential mansions in Virginia, and thousands of hours of reading related to American history, my minor in history in college and my 28-year-plus experience teaching the Enneagram and Myers-Briggs. My four years in the US Navy contributed to my understanding of how military history fits into the presidency. I was a sailor on the USS Intrepid aircraft carrier which is now a museum in New York City. I was among the first race relations teachers in the Navy. I typed every president independently, based on my research and years of typing people, before I looked at how others have typed the presidents. I've been an avid student of American history since elementary school. I've taught over 2000 workshops on the Enneagram, worked with hundreds of organizations using the Enneagram and Myers-Briggs and have counseled thousands of people as a psychotherapist and personal life coach. I've written 5 other books: Enneagram Basics, Enneagram Beyond the Basics, The Caregiver's Enneagram, Lessons from the River and Herb's Tips for Living. Read more in my bio.