Diabetes translation, and translation of any new biomedical or behavioral science, refers to the process through which new science is utilized to improve the nation's health. Translation occurs in two separate but sequential phases. Phase I Translation, usually dubbed "bench-to-bedside," applies basic scientific discoveries to human healthcare under controlled conditions, i.e., clinical research. Phase II Translation promotes the adoption of the fruits of promising clinical research by community-based healthcare under uncontrolled and (often) uncontrollable conditions.