Quantum Theory and Pictures of Reality: Foundations, Interpretations, and New Aspects

1. Evolution of Quantum Theory.- 1.1 Classical Pictures of Reality.- 1.2 From Classical to Quantum Mechanics.- 1.3 Theories of Measurement: Brief Remarks.- 1.4 Summary.- Appendix 1.A. Classical Mechanics: Some Basic Remarks.- Appendix 1.B. The Relation Between Schrödinger’s Equations and Classical Mechanics.- References.- 2. The EPR Paradox. Roots and Ramifications.- 2.1 A Debate Lasting More Than Fifty Years.- 2.2 A Far-Reaching Argument.- 2.3 A Sample of Possible Solutions.- References.- 3. Nonseparability and the Tentative Descriptions of Reality.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Realism and Separability.- 3.3 Separability and Quantum Physics.- 3.4 Disproof of the Principle of Separability.- 3.5 Counterfactuals and Influences-at-a-Distance.- 3.6 Some Problems Bearing on Causality.- 3.7 Tentative Descriptions of an “Independent Reality”.- 3.8 Conclusion.- Appendix 3.I. Some Disproved Objections to the Bell Theorem.- Added Note.- Appendix 3.II.- References.- 4. A Realistic Model for Quantum Theory With a Locality Property.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Field Theory and Translation-Invariant Operators.- 4.3 The Model and its Predictions.- 4.4 Properties Related to Locality.- 4.5 Impact on Measurement Theory.- 4.6 Conclusion.- Appendix 4.A. A Partial Derivative Equation for C(x,t).- Appendix 4.B. Conservation of the Spatial-Compatibility Condition.- Appendix 4.C. Generating the Spatial-Compatibility Condition.- Appendix 4.D. Collapses Due to Two Measurements Closely Spaced in Time.- References.- 5. Space-Time and Quantum Phenomena.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Time-Operator Within Usual Quantum Theory.- 5.3 Superoperator Formalism.- 5.4 Space-Time and Quantum Theory: A Formulation in Accordance With Mach’s Principle.- 5.5 Summary and Final Remarks.- Appendix 5.A. On the Second Lawof Thermodynamics.- Appendix 5.B. A Non-absolute Space-Time.- Appendix 5.C. On the Uncertainty Relation for Energy and Time.- Appendix 5.D. On the Definition of Being and Becoming.- References.- 6. Wave-Particle Duality: Recent Proposals for the Detection of Empty Waves.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 The Einstein-De Broglie Formulation.- 6.3 The Copenhagen-Göttingen Formulation of Duality.- 6.4 Delayed-Choice Experiments.- 6.5 Noteworthy Experimental Facts.- 6.6 Empty-Wave Stimulation of Photon Emission.- 6.7 Theories of Stimulated Emission.- 6.8 Experimental Discriminations.- 6.9 Further Experiments for the Detection of Empty Waves.- Note Added in Proof.- References.- Additional References.