Blessed John Henry Cardinal Newman (1801-1890) is considered to be one of the greatest Christian thinkers of all time. He first became known as the premier representative of the early 19th Century Oxford Movement in England, and caused a great stir with his conversion to Catholicism after his deep study of the writings of the Church Fathers. Newman is best known for his intellectual autobiography, "Apologia Pro Vita Sua," as well as "On the Development of Christian Doctrine," and "The Idea of a University." He was made a cardinal by Pope Leo XIII and beatified (the stage before being declared a saint) by Pope Benedict XVI in 2010. Many believe Newman will be declared a Doctor of the Church following his assumed future canonization as a saint.