The purpose of this study is to show, using the example of Orange Cameroon, that the activities of the mobile phone industry affect the environment in the same way as other industries. Unfortunately, in Cameroon, the decree n°0070/MINEP of 22 April 2005 fixing the different categories of operations whose realisation is subject to an environmental impact study but also to an environmental audit mentioned in article 21 of the decree n° 2005/0577/PM of 23 February 2005 fixing the modalities of realisation of environmental impact studies exclude the companies of the mobile phone sector from these environmental protection measures. Moreover, the environmental and sustainability management of these companies seems to prioritise technical and economic aspects in the deployment of their activities in the field, such as the construction of masts, the management of waste overall, the equipment purchasing process, greenhouse gas emissions and the control of electromagnetic waves emitted by their installations.