Recast All under Heaven: Revolution, War, Diplomacy, and Frontier China in the 20th Century

By focusing on the fringes of Chinese nationality, Recast All under Heaven breaks new ground with a new paradigm for understanding for modern Chinese history.

Preface
List of Maps

Part I        A Territorial Perception of Modern China

Chapter 1    Modern Transformation of Chinese Territoriality
        Territoriality
        Historical China
        Sovereignty
        Transformation

Chapter 2    China's Central Asian Identity
        Chinese Nationalism
        Frontier Nationalism
        Failure of Containment
       
Part II        Chinese Nationalist Experiences

Chapter 3    Resume China's Korean Connection
        Illusive Greatness
        Abortive Partnership
        Elusive Contingencies

Chapter 4    Recast China's Role in Vietnam
         "Big Brother"
        Options
        Drifting
   
Chapter 5    Reassert Chinese Authority in a Frontier
        "Mongolian Question"
        "International Conspiracy"
        "Restoration"

Part III        Chinese Communist Ethnopolitics

Chapter 6    "National Question" with Chinese Characteristics
        Bolshevism in China
        Revolutionary Independence
        Interethnic Contact
        Two Wings of Nationalism

Chapter 7    Solve Rubik's Cube in the Steppes
        Bloc, National, and Ethnic Politics
        National and Frontier Priorities
        Autonomy as Rebellion

Chapter 8    Break the Vicious Circle along the Himalayas
        Reverse a Verdict
        Convert the Dalai Lama
        Reform Tibet, or Not
        "Let Them Go"

Part IV        From World War to Cold War

Chapter 9    The United States and Frontier China
        European and Asian "Minorities"
        "Chinese Unification"
        China's "Three Corners"
        Politics of "Color" and "Shape"

Chapter 10    Mongolia between Beijing and Moscow
        From Party to State
        Old and New "Kitchen"
        American Wedge
        Mongolian Crack

Chapter 11    Cold and Hot Wars along the Himalayas
        Second Cold War Front
        Covert Operations
        From Friends to Foes
        From Comrades to Adversaries

Epilogue    Search for a Frontier Theme 

Bibliography
Index

"In this collection of well-argued essays, Professor Xiaoyuan Liu offers an extremely valuable perspective on the evolution of China's "geo-body" in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries--that is, its evolution from an empire to a "modern" nation state. This complex process involved a constant effort to reconcile the unifying impulses of the central government with the vibrant ethnic particularism that existed within China's constantly shifting borders."Richard J. Smith,George and Nancy Rupp Professor of Humanities and Professor of History, Rice University, USA
"The rise of China to the status of a global power necessitated its transformation from a loosely integrated empire into a modern state. This process entailed the assertion of central control over Tibet, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia, Inner Asian lands that had long been contested by foreign powers and nurtured their own aspirations for independence or genuine autonomy.  In this illuminating set of essays, Liu Xiaoyuan, the master of China's frontier history and ethnopolitics, ranges widely across the boundaries of space and time to examine how modern China came into being.  By emphasizing the  seemingly paradoxical centrality of the periphery in the consolidation and legitimation of Chinese political authority, Liu explains Beijing's concern about trouble on its Inner Asian frontiers and expands our understanding of China's modern history." --Steven I. Levine, Senior Research Associate, Maureen and Mike Mansfield Center, The University of Montana
"Xiaoyuan Liu has provided a most compelling study of frontier in the shaping of modern China modern territorial identity. Ethnopolitics, usually confined to the domestic sphere, must now be "recast" and brought to the forefront of any attempt to understand China's international relations, and vice versa."--Uradyn E. Bulag, University of Cambridge