If the agriculture of a region is the reflection of its natural environment, the product of its socio-economic organization, the result of human action, what is the observation we can make about agriculture in the Wilaya of Setif? All the analyses carried out clearly highlight the poor performance of its agricultural economy. This particularity limits the contribution of the study region to the satisfaction of the country's needs in terms of agricultural and food products. The present situation is explained by the fact that national agriculture and consequently that of the study region has been managed for over three decades in an administrative and similar manner, without taking into account any specificity, whether regional, zonal or local.