The scholarly purpose of the volume is to restate and describe the historical reception of John Duns Scotus' metaphysics, which, by taking the real concept of "being as being" as the first object of first philosophy, laid the groundwork for what scholars have called "the second beginning of metaphysics" in Western philosophy. Scotus outlined a theory of transcendental concepts that includes an analysis of the concept of being and its properties, and a general analysis of modalities and intrinsic modes, paving the way for a view of metaphysics as a science of "possible being." From the fourteenth to the eighteenth century Scotists invented and developed special concepts that could embrace both real being and the being of reason. The investigation of the metaphysics of the transcendentals by subsequent thinkers who were guided by Scotus is the central focus of the present collective book.